Esnoga Bet Emunah

7104 Inlay St. SE, Lacey, WA 98513

Telephone: 360-584-9352 - United States of America © 2011

E-Mail: gkilli@aol.com

 

Triennial Cycle (Triennial Torah Cycle) / Septennial Cycle (Septennial Torah Cycle)

 

Three and 1/2 year Lectionary Readings

Second Year of the Reading Cycle

II Adar 06, 5771 – March 11/12 , 2011

Second Year of the Shmita Cycle

 

Candle Lighting and Havdalah Times:

 

 

Conroe & Austin, TX, U.S.

Fri. Mar. 11, 2011 – Candles at 6:18 PM

Sat. Mar. 12, 2011 – Havdalah 7:13 PM

 

 

Brisbane, Australia

Fri. Mar. 11, 2011 – Candles at 5:52 PM

Sat. Mar. 12, 2011 – Havdalah 6:44 PM

 

 

Bucharest, Romania

Fri Mar. 11, 2011 – Candles at 5:57 PM

Sat. Mar. 12, 2011 – Havdalah 7:00 PM

 

Chattanooga, & Cleveland, TN, U.S.

Fri. Mar. 11, 2011 – Candles at 6:27 PM

Sat. Mar. 12, 2011 – Havdalah 7:23 PM

 

Jakarta, Indonesia

Fri. Mar. 11, 2011 – Candles at 5:50 PM

Sat. Mar. 12, 2011 – Havdalah 6:39 PM

 

Manila & Cebu, Philippines

Fri. Mar. 11, 2011 – Candles at 5:48 PM

Sat. Mar. 12, 2011 – Havdalah 6:38 PM

 

Miami, FL, U.S.

Fri. Mar. 11, 2011 – Candles at 6:09 PM

Sat. Mar. 12, 2011 – Havdalah 7:02 PM

 

Olympia, WA, U.S.

Fri. Mar. 11, 2011 – Candles at 5:53 PM

Sat. Mar. 12, 2011 – Havdalah 6:57 PM

 

Murray, KY, & Paris, TN. U.S.

Fri. Mar. 11, 2011 – Candles at 5:40 PM

Sat. Mar. 12, 2011 – Havdalah 6:37 PM

 

Sheboygan  & Manitowoc, WI, US

Fri. Mar. 11, 2011 – Candles at 5:33 PM

Sat. Mar. 12, 2011 – Havdalah 6:35 PM

 

Singapore, Singapore

Fri. Mar. 11, 2011 – Candles at 7:00 PM

Sat. Mar. 12, 2011 – Havdalah 7:48 PM

 

St. Louis, MO, U.S.

Fri. Mar. 11, 2011 – Candles at 5:45 PM

Sat. Mar. 12, 2011 – Havdalah 6:44 PM

 

 

For other places see: http://chabad.org/calendar/candlelighting.asp

 

 

Roll of Honor:

 

This Torah commentary comes to you courtesy of:

 

His Honor Rosh Paqid Adon Hillel ben David and beloved wife HH Giberet Batsheva bat Sarah

His Honor Paqid Adon Mikha ben Hillel

His Honor Paqid Adon David ben Abraham

Her Excellency Giberet Sarai bat Sarah & beloved family

His Excellency Adon Barth Lindemann & beloved family

His Excellency Adon John Batchelor & beloved wife

His Excellency Adon Ezra ben Abraham and beloved wife HE Giberet Karmela bat Sarah,

His Excellency Dr. Adon Yeshayahu ben Yosef and beloved wife HE Giberet Tricia Foster

His Excellency Adon Yisrael ben Abraham and beloved wife HE Giberet Elisheba bat Sarah

His Excellency Adon Eliyahu ben Abraham and beloved wife HE Giberet Vardit bat Sarah

Her Excellency Giberet Laurie Taylor

His Excellency Dr. Adon Eliyahu ben Abraham and beloved wife HE Giberet Dr. Elisheba bat Sarah

Her Excellency Prof. Dr. Conny Williams & beloved family

Her Excellency Giberet Gloria Sutton & beloved family

 

For their regular and sacrificial giving, providing the best oil for the lamps, we pray that G-d’s richest blessings be upon their lives and those of their loved ones, together with all Yisrael and her Torah Scholars, amen ve amen!

Also a great thank you and great blessings be upon all who send comments to the list about the contents and commentary of the weekly Torah Seder and allied topics.

If you want to subscribe to our list and ensure that you never lose any of our commentaries, or would like your friends also to receive this commentary, please do send me an E-Mail to benhaggai@GMail.com with your E-Mail or the E-Mail addresses of your friends. Toda Rabba!

 

 

Barukh Dayan Emet!

 

We dedicate this Torah Seder Commentary in loving memory of Mrs. M. Schmidt, of Manitowoc, Wisc., the mother of Her Excellency Ms. Lindemann, who passed away on 1 Adar Sheni last. May all her children be comforted with all the mourners of Zion, and may her memory be perpetuated with much study of Torah and many good deeds of loving-kindness by all concerned, amen ve amen!

 

 

 

Shabbat

Torah Reading:

Weekday Torah Reading:

 בַּיּוֹם, הַשְּׁבִיעִי

 

 

“BaYom HaSh’vi’i”

Reader 1 – B’Midbar 7:48-53

Reader 1 – B’Midbar 8:1-3

“On the Seventh Day”

Reader 2 – B’Midbar 7:54-59

Reader 2 – B’Midbar 8:2-4

“En el día séptimo”

Reader 3 – B’Midbar 7:60-65

Reader 3 – B’Midbar 8:1-4

B’Midbar (Num.) 7:48-89

Reader 4 – B’Midbar 7:66-71

 

Ashlamatah: Judges 5:14-22, 31

Reader 5 – B’Midbar 7:72-77

 

 

Reader 6 – B’Midbar 7:78-83

Reader 1 – B’Midbar 8:1-3

Psalm 96:1-13

Reader 7 – B’Midbar 7:84-89

Reader 1 – B’Midbar 8:2-4

 

    Maftir – B’Midbar 7:87-89

Reader 1 – B’Midbar 8:1-4

N.C.: Mordechai (Mark) 10:32-34

                  Judges 5:14-22, 31

 

 

 

Blessing Before Torah Study

 

Blessed are You, Ha-Shem our G-d, King of the universe, Who has sanctified us through Your commandments, and commanded us to actively study Torah. Amen!

 

Please Ha-Shem, our G-d, sweeten the words of Your Torah in our mouths and in the mouths of all Your people Israel. May we and our offspring, and our offspring's offspring, and all the offspring of Your people, the House of Israel, may we all, together, know Your Name and study Your Torah for the sake of fulfilling Your desire. Blessed are You, Ha-Shem, Who teaches Torah to His people Israel. Amen!

 

Blessed are You, Ha-Shem our G-d, King of the universe, Who chose us from all the nations, and gave us the Torah. Blessed are You, Ha-Shem, Giver of the Torah. Amen!

 

Ha-Shem spoke to Moses, explaining a Commandment. "Speak to Aaron and his sons, and teach them the following Commandment: This is how you should bless the Children of Israel. Say to the Children of Israel:

 

May Ha-Shem bless you and keep watch over you; - Amen!

May Ha-Shem make His Presence enlighten you, and may He be kind to you; - Amen!

May Ha-Shem bestow favor on you, and grant you peace. – Amen!

 

This way, the priests will link My Name with the Israelites, and I will bless them."

 

These are the Laws for which the Torah did not mandate specific amounts: How much growing produce must be left in the corner of the field for the poor; how much of the first fruits must be offered at the Holy Temple; how much one must bring as an offering when one visits the Holy Temple three times a year; how much one must do when doing acts of kindness; and there is no maximum amount of Torah that a person must study.

 

These are the Laws whose benefits a person can often enjoy even in this world, even though the primary reward is in the Next World: They are: Honoring one's father and mother; doing acts of kindness; early attendance at the place of Torah study -- morning and night; showing hospitality to guests; visiting the sick; providing for the financial needs of a bride; escorting the dead; being very engrossed in prayer; bringing peace between two people, and between husband and wife; but the study of Torah is as great as all of them together. Amen!

 

 

 

Rashi & Targum Pseudo Jonathan

for: B’Midbar (Num.) 7:48-89

 

RASHI

TARGUM PSEUDO JONATHAN

48. On the seventh day, the chieftain was of the sons of Ephraim, Elishama the son of Ammihud.

48. on the seventh, Elishama bar Ammihud, prince of the Bene Ephraim;

49. His offering was one silver bowl weighing one hundred and thirty [shekels], one silver sprinkling basin [weighing] seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both filled with fine flour mixed with olive oil for a meal offering.

49. -

50. One spoon [weighing] ten gold [shekels] filled with incense.

50. -

51. One young bull, one ram and one lamb in its first year for a burnt offering.

51. -

52. One young he goat for a sin offering.

52. -

53. And for the peace offering: two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs in their first year; this was the offering of Elishama the son of Ammihud;

53. -

54. On the eighth day, the chieftain was of the sons of Manasseh, Gamliel the son of Pedazhur.

54. on the eighth, Gamaliel bar Pedazur, prince of Menasheh;

55. His offering was one silver bowl weighing one hundred and thirty [shekels], one silver sprinkling basin [weighing] seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both filled with fine flour mixed with olive oil for a meal offering.

55. -

56. One spoon [weighing] ten gold [shekels] filled with incense.

56. -

57. One young bull, one ram and one lamb in its first year for a burnt offering.

57. -

58. One young he goat for a sin offering.

58. -

59. And for the peace offering: two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs in their first year; this was the offering of Gamliel the son of Pedazhur.

59. -

60. On the ninth day, the chieftain was of the sons of Benjamin, Abidan the son of Gideoni.

60. on the ninth, Abidan bar Gideoni, prince of Benjamin;

61. His offering was one silver bowl weighing one hundred and thirty [shekels], one silver sprinkling basin [weighing] seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both filled with fine flour mixed with olive oil for a meal offering.

61. -

62. One spoon [weighing] ten gold [shekels] filled with incense.

62. -

63. One young bull, one ram and one lamb in its first year for a burnt offering.

63. -

64. One young he goat for a sin offering.

64. -

65. And for the peace offering: two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs in their first year; this was the offering of Abidan the son of Gideoni.

65. -

66. On the tenth day, the chieftain was of the sons of Dan, Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai.

66. on the tenth, Achiezer bar Amishaddai, prince of the Bene Dan;

67. His offering was one silver bowl weighing one hundred and thirty [shekels], one silver sprinkling basin [weighing] seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both filled with fine flour mixed with olive oil for a meal offering.

67. -

68. One spoon [weighing] ten gold [shekels] filled with incense.

68. -

69. One young bull, one ram and one lamb in its first year for a burnt offering.

69. -

70. One young he goat for a sin offering.

70. -

71. And for the peace offering: two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs in their first year; this was the offering of Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai.

71. -

72. On the eleventh day, the chieftain was of the sons of Asher, Pag'iel the son of Ochran.

72. on the eleventh, Pagiel bar Achran, prince of Asher;

73. His offering was one silver bowl weighing one hundred and thirty [shekels], one silver sprinkling basin [weighing] seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both filled with fine flour mixed with olive oil for a meal offering.

73. -

74. One spoon [weighing] ten gold [shekels] filled with incense.

74. -

75. One young bull, one ram and one lamb in its first year for a burnt offering.

75. -

76. One young he goat for a sin offering.

76. -

77. And for the peace offering: two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs in their first year; this was the offering of Pag'iel the son of Ochran.

77. -

78. On the twelfth day, the chieftain was of the sons of Naphtali, Ahira the son of Enan.

78. and on the twelfth day, Achira bar Enan, prince of the Bene Naphtali, offered.

79. His offering was one silver bowl weighing one hundred and thirty [shekels], one silver sprinkling basin [weighing] seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both filled with fine flour mixed with olive oil for a meal offering.

79. -

80. One spoon [weighing] ten gold [shekels] filled with incense.

80. -

81. One young bull, one ram and one lamb in its first year for a burnt offering.

81. -

82. One young he goat for a sin offering.

82. -

83. And for the peace offering: two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs in their first year; this was the offering of Ahira the son of Enan.

83. -

84. This was the dedication offering of the altar presented by the chieftains on the day it was anointed; there were twelve silver bowls, twelve silver basins and twelve gold spoons.

84. This is the oblation at the anointing of the altar, on the day that they anointed it, from the riches of the princes of Israel: twelve silver bowls, answering to the twelve tribes; twelve silver vases, answering to the twelve princes of the Bene Israel; twelve golden pans, answering to the twelve signs (mazalia – of the Zodiac).

85. The weight of each silver bowl was one hundred and thirty [shekels], and that of each basin was seventy [shekels]; all the silver of the vessels weighed in total two thousand four hundred [shekels] according to the holy shekel.

85. One hundred and thirty shekels was the weight of each silver bowl, answering to the years of Jokebed when she bare Mosheh; and seventy shekels was the weight of each vase, answering to the seventy elders of the great Sanhedrin: all the silver vessels, two thousand four hundred shekels, in shekels of the sanctuary.

86. Twelve gold spoons filled with incense; each spoon weighing ten [shekels] according to the holy shekel; all the gold spoons totaled one hundred and twenty shekels.

86. The golden pans were twelve, answering to the princes of Israel, full of good sweet incense; the weight of ten shekels was the weight of each pan, answering to the Ten Words; all the gold of the pans, one hundred and and twenty (shekels), answering to the years lived by Mosheh the prophet.

87. The total of the cattle for the burnt offerings was twelve bulls, twelve rams, and twelve lambs in their first year with their meal offerings. And [there were] twelve young he goats for sin offerings.

87. All the bullocks for the burnt offering, twelve, a bullock for a prince of the house of the fathers; twelve rams, because the twelve princes of Ishmael would perish; twelve lambs of the year, because the twelve princes of Persia would perish; and their minchas, that famine might be removed from the world; and twelve kids of the goats for the sin offering, to atone for the sins of the twelve tribes.

88. The total of cattle for the peace offerings was twenty four oxen, sixty rams, sixty he goats, and sixty lambs in their first year. This was the dedication offering for the altar, after it was anointed.

88. And all the oxen for consecrated victims, twenty-four, answering to the twenty-four orders (of the priests); the rams, sixty, answering, to the sixty years which Izhak had lived when he begat Jakob; the goats, sixty, answering to the sixty letters in the benediction of the priests; lambs of the year, sixty, to atone for the sixty myriads of Israel. This was the dedication of the altar by anointment on the day that they anointed it.

89. When Moses would come into the Tent of Meeting to speak with Him, he would hear the voice speaking to him from the two cherubim above the covering which was over the Ark of Testimony, and He spoke to him.

89. And when Mosheh entered into the tabernacle of ordinance to speak with Him, he heard the voice of the Spirit who spoke with him descending from the heaven of heavens upon the Mercy Seat which was upon the Ark of the Testimony between the two Cherubim, and from thence was the Oracle {Word; Dibbera} speaking with him.

 

 

 

 

Welcome to the World of P’shat Exegesis

 

In order to understand the finished work of the P’shat mode of interpretation of the Torah, one needs to take into account that the P’shat is intended to produce a catechetical output, whereby a question/s is/are raised and an answer/a is/are given using the seven Hermeneutic Laws of R. Hillel and as well as the laws of Hebrew Grammar and Hebrew expression.

 

The Seven Hermeneutic Laws of R. Hillel are as follows

[cf. http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=472&letter=R]:

 

1. Ḳal va-ḥomer: "Argumentum a minori ad majus" or "a majori ad minus"; corresponding to the scholastic proof a fortiori.

2. Gezerah shavah: Argument from analogy. Biblical passages containing synonyms or homonyms are subject, however much they differ in other respects, to identical definitions and applications.

3. Binyan ab mi-katub eḥad: Application of a provision found in one passage only to passages which are related to the first in content but do not contain the provision in question.

4. Binyan ab mi-shene ketubim: The same as the preceding, except that the provision is generalized from two Biblical passages.

5. Kelal u-Peraṭ and Peraṭ u-kelal: Definition of the general by the particular, and of the particular by the general.

6. Ka-yoẓe bo mi-maḳom aḥer: Similarity in content to another Scriptural passage.

7. Dabar ha-lamed me-'inyano: Interpretation deduced from the context.

 

 

 

Reading Assignment:

 

The Torah Anthology: Yalkut Me’Am Lo’Ez - Vol 13: Numbers – I – First Journeys

By: Rabbi Yitzchaq Magriso

Published by: Moznaim Publishing Corp. (New York, 1990)

Vol. 13 – “Numbers – I – First Journeys,” pp. 197-215.

 

 

 

Rashi’s Commentary for: B’Midbar (Numbers) 7:48-89

 

84 on the day it was anointed On the day it was anointed, he brought the offering. So what is the meaning of “after it was anointed” (verse 88)? That it was first anointed and then he brought an offering, or [perhaps] “after it was anointed” means: after some time later [i. e., a while after it was anointed], and “on the day it was anointed” [does not mean that it was offered on the day it was anointed, but it] comes only to tell us that it was anointed by day? [However,] when Scripture says, “on the day they were anointed” (Lev. 7:36), we have already learned that it was anointed by day. So what does “on the day it was anointed” [here] teach us? That on the day it was anointed, he brought the offering.-[Sifrei Naso 1:159].

 

twelve silver bowls [The total is recorded here to show that] these were the very same ones that were donated, and no disqualifying factor happened to them. -[Sifrei Naso 1:160].

 

85 [The weight of] each silver bowl was one hundred and thirty [shekels] What does this teach us? Since Scripture says [in the account of the donation of each chieftain]: “weighing one hundred and thirty shekels,” but it does not specify which type of shekel, therefore, [Scripture] repeats it here, and includes them all: “all the silver of the vessels... according to the holy shekel.” -[Sifrei Naso 1:160].

 

all the silver of the vessels This teaches you that all the vessels of the sanctuary were of precise weight; whether weighed individually or collectively, there was neither more nor less [than the specified amount].- [Sifrei Naso 1:160]

 

86 Twelve gold spoons Why is this said? For it says [in the account of the donation of each chieftain]: “One spoon [weighing] ten gold [shekels].” [Does this mean that] it was made of gold and it weighed ten silver shekels? Or [does it mean] that it was a silver spoon weighing ten gold shekels—for the weight of the gold shekels is not the same as the weight of silver ones? Therefore, Scripture tells us: "Gold spoons"—they were [made] of gold.-[Sifrei Naso 1:161]

 

89 When Moses would enter [When there are] two contradictory verses, the third one comes and reconciles them. One verse says, “the Lord spoke to him from the Tent of Meeting” (Lev. 1:1), and that implies outside the curtain, whereas another verse says, “and speak to you from above the ark cover” (Exod. 25:22) [which is beyond the curtain]. This [verse] comes and reconciles them: Moses came into the Tent of Meeting, and there he would hear the voice [of God] coming from [between the cherubim,] above the ark cover. -[Sifrei Naso 1:162]

 

from between the two cherubim The voice emanated from heaven to [the area] between the two cherubim, and from there it went out to the Tent of Meeting.-[Sifrei Naso 1:162]

 

speaking to him Heb. מִדַּבֵּר . [The word מִדַּבֵּר ] is similar to מִתְדַּבֵּר [the reflexive form, literally,] “speaking to itself.” It is out of reverence for the Most High to express it in this way. [The voice] would speak to itself, and Moses would listen to it.

 

and He spoke to Him [Thus] excluding Aaron from the [Divine] statements.

 

He would hear the voice I might think it was in an undertone. Therefore, Scripture teaches us: "the voice"—the very voice which spoke with him at [Mount] Sinai, [which was loud and clear]. But when it [the voice] reached the entrance, it stopped and did not proceed outside the tent.

 

 

Tehillim - Psalm 96:1-13

 

Rashi

Targum

1. Sing to the Lord a new song, sing to the Lord, all the earth.

1. Sing in the presence of the LORD a new psalm; sing praise, angels of the height, sing praise in the presence of the LORD, all righteous/generous of the earth.

2. Sing to the Lord, bless His name, announce His salvation from day to day.

2. Sing praise in the presence of the LORD, bless His name; proclaim his redemption from day to day.

3. Tell of His glory among the nations, among all peoples His wonders.

3. Tell of his glory among the Gentiles, of His wonders among all the peoples.

4. For the Lord is great and very much praised; He is feared over all divine powers.

4. For great is the LORD and greatly to be praised; and He is more to be feared than any god.

5. For all the gods of the peoples are nought, but the Lord made the heavens.

5. For all the things feared by the Gentiles are idols; but the LORD made the heavens.

6. [They ascribe] beauty and majesty before Him; might and glory in His sanctuary.

6. Praise and splendor are in His presence; strength and praise are in His sanctuary.

7. Ascribe to the Lord, [you] families of peoples, ascribe to the Lord glory and might.

7. Make music in the presence of the LORD, O races of peoples; ascribe glory and strength in the presence of the LORD.

8. Ascribe to the Lord the glory due His name; carry an offering and come to His courtyards.

8. Ascribe glory in the presence of the LORD, and exalt His name; carry and bring an offering and enter His presence in his courts.

9. Prostrate yourselves to the Lord in the majestic sanctuary; quake before Him, all the earth.

9. Bow down before Him in the splendor of holiness; tremble in His presence, all inhabitants of the earth.

10. Say among the nations, "The Lord has reigned." Also the inhabited world will be established so that it will not falter; He will judge peoples with equity.

10. Say among the Gentiles, "The LORD reigns"; also the world is made firm that it will not totter; He will judge the peoples uprightly.

11. The heavens will rejoice and the earth will exult; the sea and the fullness thereof will roar.

11. The forces of heaven will rejoice and the righteous/ generous of the earth will exult; the sea will shout and all its fullness.

12. The field and all that is therein will jubilate; then all the forest trees will sing praises.

12. The field and everything in it will pour forth praise; then all the trees of the forest will sing.

13. Before the Lord, for He has come, for He has come to judge the earth; He will judge the inhabited world justly and the peoples with His faith.

13. In the presence of the LORD, for He comes, for He comes to judge the earth; He will judge the world with righteousness/generosity and the peoples with his faithfulness.

 

 

 

 

Rashi’s Commentary for: Psalm 96:1-13

 

1 a new song This song deals with the future, as is proven by the final verse, “for He has come to judge the earth.” Any reference to a “new song” deals with the future.

 

7 Ascribe to the Lord, families of peoples And what shall you ascribe to Him? Ascribe to the Lord glory and might.

 

10 “The Lord has reigned” This song will be [sung] in the future.

 

He will judge peoples with equity Those whom he will turn into a clear tongue (Zeph. 3:9).

 

with equity with merits.

 

11 the sea... will roar to raise its voice in praise.

 

12 all the forest trees All the rulers of the nations.

 

 

 

Ashlamatah: Judges 5:14-22, 31‎‎

 

Rashi

Targum

12. Praise! Praise! Deborah. Praise! Praise! Utter a song. Arise Barak, and capture your captives, son of Abinoam.

12. Give praise, give praise, Deborah, give praise, and give thanks; speak praise. Arise, Barak, and capture your captives, son of Abinoam.

13. Then ruled a remnant among the mighty of the nations; the Lord dominated the strong for me.

13. Then one from the armies of Israel went down and shattered the strength of the warriors of the nations. Behold this was not from might, but rather the LORD shattered before His people the strength of the warriors of their enemies.

14. Out of Ephraim, whose root was against Amalek; after you (will be) Benjamin with your abaters; out of Machir came down officers, and out of Zebulun they that handle the pen of the scribe.

14. From those of the house of Ephraim, there arose Joshua the son of Nun; he first waged battle against those of the house of Amalek. After him there arose King Saul from those of the house of Benjamin; he killed those of the house of Amalek and waged battle against the rest of the nations. From those of the house of Machir, those who were marked went down in battle; and from the tribe of Zebulun they were writing with the pen of a scribe.

15. And the princes of Issachar were with Deborah, as was Issachar with Barak; into the valley they rushed forth with their feet. (But) among the divisions of Reuben, (there were) great resolves of heart.

15. And the captains of Issachar were listening to the words of Deborah, and the rest of the tribe of Issachar were serving before Barak, being sent forth in the cities of the plain to every place where there was need in his sending them forth. In the clans of Reuben there were many crafty of heart.

16. Why do you sit between the borders, to hear the bleatings of the flocks? At the divisions of Reuben, (there are) great searchings of heart.

16. Why did you sit apart from the armies of war, to sit between the borders, to hear good news, to know bad news? My army is victorious with her. Was it right for you to do (so), you of the house of Reuben? Did you not know that before Me the thoughts of the heart are revealed?

17. Gilead abides beyond the Jordan; and Dan, why does he gather into the ships? Asher dwelt at the shore of the seas, and by his breaches he abides.

17. Those of the house of Gilead camped out across the Jordan. And those of the house of Dan passed over, crossed the Jordan, put their goods in ships. Those of the house of Asher camped out on the shore of the seas; the cities of the nations that they destroyed - they turned, built them, and dwelt in them.

18. Zebulun is a people that jeopardized their lives to die, as did Naphtali, upon the high places of the field.

18. Those of the house of Zebulun opposite to the nations that blasphemed -they handed over their life to killing. They and those of the house of Naphtali - all the inhabitants of the land gave them praise

19. The kings came and fought; then fought the kings of Canaan in Taanach by the waters of Megiddo; they took no gain of money.

19. The kings came; they waged battle. Then they fought the kings of Canaan at Taanach. They were camping and settling down by the waters of Megiddo; wealth of silver they did not take.

20. From heaven they fought; the stars from their courses fought against Sisera.

20. From the heavens the battle was waged with them; from the place where the stars go forth, from the courses of their movements, there the battle was waged with Sisera.

21. The brook Kishon swept them away, that ancient brook, the brook Kishon; tread down, O my soul, (their) strength.

21. The Wadi Kishon shattered them, the wadi in which signs and mighty acts were done for Israel from of old - that Wadi Kishon - there my soul crushed their warriors dead by force.

22. Then were pounded the heels of the horses by reason of the prancings, the prancings of their mighty ones.

22. Then the hoofs of their horses slipped the galloping that gallops before the chariots of his warriors.

23. 'Curse you Meroz,' said the messenger of the Lord, 'curse you bitterly (you) inhabitants thereof,' because they came not to the aid of the Lord, to the aid of the Lord against the mighty.

23. "Curse Meroz" said the prophet of the LORD. "Curse, and shatter its inhabitants, for they did not come to the aid of the people of the LORD, to the aid of the people of the LORD when it waged battle» with warriors."

24. Blessed above women shall Jael, the wife of Heber the Kenite, be; above women in the tent shall she be blessed.

24. May Jael the wife of Heber the Shalmaiter [The Kenite] be blessed with the blessing of good women may she be blessed like one of the women who serve in the houses of study.

25. Water he requested, (but) milk she gave him: in a lordly bowl she brought him cream.

25. He asked her for water; she gave him milk to drink; to find out if his pleasure was in the bowls of warriors, she brought before him cream-cheese.

26. She put forth her hand to the pin, and her right hand to strike the weary; she struck Sisera, pierced his head, and wounded and penetrated his temple.

26. She reached out her hand for the tent-peg, and her right hand for the hammer to shatter wicked men and oppressors. She struck it down into Sisera; she shattered his head; she crushed his brain; she made it pass through in his temple.

27. At her feet he sank, fell, lay; at her feet he sank (and) fell; where he sank, there he fell down dead.

27. Between her feet he collapsed, he fell, he lay down. Between her feet he collapsed, he fell. In the place where he collapsed, there Siserar fell, plundered.

28. Through the window the mother of Sisera looked forth, and peered through the window; why is his chariot late in coming? Why tarry the strides of his chariots?

28. From the window the mother of Sisera looked out and was gazing from between the laths. She was saying "Why are the chariots of my son slow to come? Why are the runners who are bringing to me the letter of victories detained?"

29. The wisest of her princesses answer her, she too returns answers to herself.

29. The wisest of her chambermaids were answering her. Even she accord­ing to her wisdov was answering and saying to her:

30. 'Are they not finding (and) dividing the spoils? A damsel, two damsels to every man; a spoil of dyed garments to Sisera, a spoil of dyed garments of embroidery; dyed garments of embroidery for the neck of the spoiler.'

30. "Are they not dividing from what they are finding, giving as spoil a man and his household to each and everyone? Much spoil before Sisera, spoil of dyed embroidered cloth upon his neck, rich posses­sions, and delightful things before his warriors who despoiled.

31. So may perish all Your enemies, O Lord; but they that love Him (should be) as the sun when he goes forth in his might." And the land rested forty years.

31. Like Sisera, so may all the haters of Your people perish, LORD; and may His mercies be ready to give light with the light of His splendor 343 times over [7 x 7 x 7 =343, an allusion to the light of the seven stars in the seven days of creation], like the rising of the sun in its might. And the land of Israel was at rest forty years.”

 

 

 

 

Correlations

By H.H. Rosh Paqid Adon Hillel ben David

& Giberet Dr. Elisheba bat Sarah

 

B’Midbar (Numbers) 7:48-89

Shoftim (Judges) 5:14-22, 31

Tehillim (Psalm) 96:1-13

Mordechai (Mark) 10:32-34

 

The verbal tallies between the Torah and the Ashlamata are:

Ephraim - אפרים, Strong’s number 0669.

Money / Silver - כסף, Strong’s number 03701.

 

The verbal tallies between the Torah and the Psalm are:

Day - יום, Strong’s number 03117.

Holiness / Sanctuary - קדש, Strong’s number 06944.

Offering - מנחה, Strong’s number 04503.

 

 

B’Midbar (Num.) 7:48  On the seventh day <03117> Elishama the son of Ammihud, prince of the children of Ephraim <0669>, offered:

49  His offering was one silver <03701> charger, the weight whereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver <03701> bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary <06944>; both of them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering <04503>:

 

Shoftim (Judges) 5:14 Out of Ephraim <0669> was there a root of them against Amalek; after thee, Benjamin, among thy people; out of Machir came down governors, and out of Zebulun they that handle the pen of the writer.

 

Shoftim (Judges) 5:19  The kings came and fought, then fought the kings of Canaan in Taanach by the waters of Megiddo; they took no gain of money <03701>.

 

Tehillim (Psalm) 96:2  Sing unto the LORD, bless his name <08034>; shew forth his salvation from day <03117> to day <03117>.

 

Tehillim (Psalm) 96:8  Give unto the LORD the glory due unto his name: bring an offering <04503>, and come into his courts.

 

Tehillim (Psalm) 96:9  O worship the LORD in the beauty of holiness <06944>: fear before him, all the earth.

 

Hebrew:

 

Hebrew

English

Torah Seder

Num 7:48-89

Psalms

Psa 96:1-13

Ashlamatah

Jdg 5:14-22, 31

za'

then

Ps. 96:12

Jdg. 5:19

rx;a;

after, following

Num. 7:88

Jdg. 5:14

~yIr'p.a,

Ephraim

Num. 7:48

Jdg. 5:14

#r,a,

land, earth

Ps. 96:1

Jdg. 5:31

rvea'

Asher

Num. 7:72

Jdg. 5:17

aAB

went, came, come

Num. 7:89

Ps. 96:8

Jdg. 5:19

!yIB;

between, among

Num. 7:89

Jdg. 5:16

!ymiy"n>Bi

Benjamin

Num. 7:60

Jdg. 5:14

lAdG"

great

Ps. 96:4

Jdg. 5:15

!D'

Dan

Num. 7:66

Jdg. 5:17

hwhy

LORD

Ps. 96:1

Jdg. 5:31

~Ay

day

Num. 7:48

Ps. 96:2

~y"

seashore, sea

Ps. 96:11

Jdg. 5:17

lAK

all

Num. 7:85

Ps. 96:1

Jdg. 5:31

@s,K,

silver

Num. 7:49

Jdg. 5:19

hx'n>mi

offering

Num. 7:49

Ps. 96:8

yliT'p.n"

Naphtali

Num. 7:78

Jdg. 5:18

z[o

strength

Ps. 96:6

Jdg. 5:21

l[;

above, near

Num. 7:89

Ps. 96:4

Jdg. 5:19

vd,qo

sanctuary

Num. 7:49

Ps. 96:9

~yIm;v'

heaven

Ps. 96:5

Jdg. 5:20

[m;v'

heard, hear

Num. 7:89

Jdg. 5:16

hn"v'

year

Num. 7:51

Jdg. 5:31

~[;

people

Ps. 96:3

Jdg. 5:18

 

Greek:

Greek

English

Torah Seder

Num 7:48-89

Psalms

Psa 96:1-13

Ashlamatah

Jdg 5:14-22, 31

NC

Mk 10:32-34

γραμματεύς

scribe

Jdg 5:14

Mar 10:33

δώδεκα

twelve

Num 7:84

Mar 10:32

ἔθνος

nations

Psa 96:3

Mar 10:33

θάνατος

death

Jdg 5:18

Mar 10:33

υἱός

sons

Num 7:48

Mar 10:33

 

Mordechai (Mark) 10:32-34

 

CLV[1]

Magiera Peshitta NT[2]

Greek[3]

Delitzsch[4]

32. Now they were on the road, going up into Jerusalem, and Jesus was preceding them. And they were awe-struck, yet those following feared. And, again taking the twelve aside, He begins to tell them what is about to be befalling Him,

32. And while they were climbing up on the road to Jerusalem, Jesus was before them. And they were amazed and were following him, although they were afraid. And he took his twelve and began to tell them what would happen to him.

32. Ἦσαν δὲ ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ ἀναβαίνοντες εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα καὶ ἦν προάγων αὐτοὺς ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ ἐθαμβοῦντο καὶ ἀκολουθοῦντες ἐφοβοῦντο καὶ παραλαβὼν πάλιν τοὺς δώδεκα ἤρξατο αὐτοῖς λέγειν τὰ μέλλοντα αὐτῷ συμβαίνειν

32 וַיְהִי בַדֶּרֶךְ בַּעֲלוֹתָם יְרוּשָׁלַיִם וְיֵשׁוּעַ הוֹלֵךְ לִפְנֵיהֶם וְהֵמָּה נִבְהָלִים וְהוֹלְכִים אַחֲרָיו בַּחֲרָדָה וַיּוֹסֶף לָקַחַת אֵלָיו אֶת־שְׁנֵים הֶעָשָׂר וַיָּחֶל לְהַגִּיד לָהֶם אֶת־אֲשֶׁר יִקְרֵהוּ לֵאמֹר׃

33. Lo! we are going up into Jerusalem, and the Son of Mankind will be given up to the chief priests and the scribes, and they will be condemning Him to death, and will be giving Him up to the men of the nations,

33. "Behold, we will go up to Jerusalem, and the Son of Man will be delivered to the chief priests and to the scribes, and they will condemn him to death and deliver him to the Gentiles.

33. ὅτι Ἰδοὺ ἀναβαίνομεν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα καὶ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου παραδοθήσεται τοῖς ἀρχιερεῦσιν καὶ τοῖς γραμματεῦσιν καὶ κατακρινοῦσιν αὐτὸν θανάτῳ καὶ παραδώσουσιν αὐτὸν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν

33 הִנֵּה אֲנַחְנוּ עֹלִים יְרוּשָׁלָיְמָה וּבֶן־הָאָדָם יִמָּסֵר לְרָאשֵׁי הַכֹּהֲנִים וְלַסּוֹפְרִים וְיַרְשִׁיעוּהוּ לָמוּת וְיִמְסְרוּ אֹתוֹ לַגּוֹיִם׃

 

34. and will be scoffing at Him, and spitting on Him, and scourging Him, and killing Him, and after three days He will be rising."

34. And they will mock him and beat him and spit in his face and kill him and on the third day, he will rise up."

34. καὶ ἐμπαίξουσιν αὐτῷ καὶ μαστιγώσουσιν αὐτὸν καὶ ἐμπτύσουσιν αὐτῷ καὶ ἀποκτενοῦσιν αὐτὸν, καὶ τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἀναστήσεται

34 וִיהָתֵלּוּ בוֹ וְיַכּוּהוּ בַשׁוֹטִים וְיָרֹקּוּ בְּפָנָיו וִימִיתוּהוּ וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי קוֹם יָקוּם׃

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dr. Adon Eliyahu’s Rendition

 

32. And [they] were in (on) the way making aliyah to Yerushalayim, [for Pesach] and Yeshua was leading them; and they (Yeshua's Talmidim) were amazed and followed, and were struck with fear. And he took the Twelve [Talmidim] and began again to tell them what was about to happen to him,

33. [Saying], Behold, we are making aliyah to Yerushalayim, and the Son of Man [the Prophet] will be handed over to the chief priests [Sadduceean] and the [their] scribes; and they will condemn [and sentence] him [illegaly] to death and hand him over to the Gentiles [Romans].

34. And they [the Romans] will abuse him and beat him [with a whip] and spit upon him and put him to death; but [after] three days he will rise again [from the dead].

 

 

Hakham’s Comments:

 

This pericope of Hakham Tsefet by the hand of his scribe Mordechai (Mark) marks a turning point in the book of Mark. As Hooker[5] points:

 

“In one sense this can be described as the beginning of the passion narrative, for at this point the events which lead inevitably to his death are put in motion.”

 

This turning point is also paralleled in our Torah Seder with the setting up of the Mishkan and the dedication of the same to the service of Ha-Shem by His people Israel. The Temple/Tabernacle of G-d was ready for service, and so now in Mordechai we find the Master ready for the ultimate service on behalf of His people and all men and women of good will.

 

And [they] were in (on) the way making aliyah to Yerushalayim, [for Pesach] – “to the Passover there, which was to be in a short time, and where Messiah was to suffer and die; for this was the last journey he took, and the last Passover he was to eat there.”

 

This will be the third time that the Master predicts his own death. And all of these three predictions were made “on the way” – cf. Mark 8:27-33 and Mark 9:30-32. So that we have:

 

8:27 ¶And Yeshua and his Talmidim [Rabbinic Disciples] went out to the villages of Caesarea of Philip. And on the way, he questioned his Talmidim, saying to them, “Whom do [royal] men say me to be?”

8:28 And they answered, “Yochanan the Immerser,” and others say, “Eliyahu;” but others, “One of the prophets.”

8:29 And he said to them, “And you, whom do you say me to be?” And answering, Tsefet bar Yonah said to him, “You are the Messiah.”

8:30 And he warned them that they may tell no one about him.”

8:31 ¶ And [he] began to teach them, that it is necessary [for] the son of man to suffer many things, and to be rejected by [some of] the elders, and [by some of the] chief priests, and [by some of the] scribes, and to be killed [by Edom], and after three days to rise again;

8:32 And openly he was speaking the Word. And [Shimon] HaTsefet having taken him aside, began to rebuke him.

8:33 And he, having turned, and having looked on his disciples, rebuked Shimon, saying, “Get behind me, adversary, because you do not mind the things of God, but the things of men!”

 

9:30 ¶ And going out from there, they began travelling along through the Galilee [district], but [during this time] he was wanting no Ish (Torah Scholar) to come to know about it [because he was continuing to teach his Talmidim].

9:31 Then He began saying to them, "The son of man is [in the process of] being given over into the hands of humanity and they will be killing him. Then, being put to death, after three days he will be risen back up again."

9:32  However, they continued not understanding the saying, for they still had no intimate knowledge of the declaration and continued being afraid to question him.

 

10:32 ¶ And [they] were in (on) the way making aliyah to Yerushalayim, [for Pesach] and Yeshua was leading them; and they (Yeshua's Talmidim) were amazed and followed, and were struck with fear. And he took the Twelve [Talmidim] and began again to tell them what was about to happen to him,

10:‎33 [Saying], Behold, we are making aliyah to Yerushalayim, and the Son of Man [the Prophet] will be handed over to the chief priests [Sadduceean] and the [their] scribes; and they will condemn [and sentence] him [illegaly] to death and hand him over to the Gentiles [Romans].

10:34 And they [the Romans] will abuse him and beat him [with a whip] and spit upon him and put him to death; but [after] three days he will rise again [from the dead].

 

Again, Hooker[6] comments:

 

“The road (Greek: όδός, cf. v. 17) on which Yeshua’s followers travel with him is also “the Way,” an early term for discipleship (cf. Acts 9:2 and Mark 10:52). It is significant that each of the passion predictions is apparently made while Yeshua and his disciples are “on the road” (or “on the way”) – cf. 8:27 and 9:30ff.”

 

But why, may we ask, is “the road” or “the way” (Hebrew: “Deréch) which is obviously connected to discipleship is also connected for Nazareans to the death and resurrection of the Master? Marie Noonan Sabin[7] points out that “Yeshua’s Talmidim (Rabbinic Disciples) have been called to dispossession, service and death (Kiddush Ha-Shem – Sanctification of the Name of G-d).” The road, or the Way then is a means to take us somewhere, and which is analogous to discipleship which also takes us up to a higher status (the meaning of the Hebrew term “Aliyah”). And if one is going on a walk for several miles it is better to travel light, be of service to others on the way, and be prepared to witness and stand for the road map – i.e. the Torah even to the point of preferring death than apostasy.

 

Taylor[8] provides us with a table on the relation to the three prophecies of Mordechai 8:31, 9:31, and 10:33-34 with the Passion Narrative in the same book.

 

Item

First Prophecy

Second Prophecy

Third Prophecy

Passion Narrative

1. Handing over to the Chief Priests

 

Mark 9:31

Mark 10:33

Mark 14:53

2. Condemnation by the Chief Priests

Mark 8:31

 

Mark 10:33

Mark 14:64

3. Handing over to the Romans

 

 

Mark 10:33

Mark 15:1

4. Mocking, Spitting & Scourging

(Mark 8:31)

 

Mark 10:34

Mark 14:65

15:15-20

5. Execution

Mark 8:31

Mark 9:31

Mark 10:34

Mark 15:24, 37

6. Resurrection

Mark 8:31

Mark 9:31

Mark 10:34

Mark 16:1-8

 

As can be seen from this table, the greatest commonality between all three prophecies and the Passion events centres around the themes of Messiah’s “Death” and “Resurrection.” And it is around these two key themes that Mesorah, discipleship, and the governance of G-d, will be based upon. Without the death and resurrection of the Master the Oral Torah would have been weak, but because of his death and resurrection the Oral Torah has been much strengthened as it is said: “The LORD was pleased, for His righteousness'/generosity’s sake, to make the Torah great and glorious/honourable” (Isaiah 42:21). And when did G-d, most blessed be He, made the Oral Torah great and glorious/honourable at the death and resurrection of our Master His Majesty King Yeshua the Messiah of Israel! And this is the same intention that the twelve Princes of Israel had in mind when they presented their offerings in honour of the dedication of the Tabernacle in the wilderness.

 

Further, the death and resurrection of the Messiah also points to a change in the priesthood as we translated in Mark (Mordechai) 1:14-15

 

14. Now after John was arrested and put in prison, Yeshuah came into Galilee, proclaiming the good news (the Mesorot – the Traditions) of the kingdom (governance) of G-d [through the Hakhamim and Bate Din as opposed to human kings],

15. And saying, The [appointed period of] time is fulfilled (completed), and the kingdom (governance) of God [through Hakhamim and Bate Din] is at hand; repent (have a change of mind and return to Torah wisdom) and faithfully obey the Masorah (Traditions/Oral Law).

 

And there we commented:

 

Whereas until that time Israel had been under kings appointed by G-d, a new dispensation, for lack of a better word, of the governance of G-d was about to be inaugurated after the fall of the Temple and the discontinuance of the Sanhedrin whereby G-d’s people would be ruled by judges and Rabbinic tribunals as it was after Joshua. This system of Judges and Rabbinic Tribunals (Bate Din) required a legal tradition (body of oral Law) which is the “good news” that Yeshuah was proclaiming.

 

 

 

Some Questions to Ponder:

 

1.      From all the readings for this Shabbat, what verse or verses touched your heart and fired your imagination?

2.      What questions were asked of Rashi regarding Numbers 7:84?

3.      What questions were asked of Rashi regarding Numbers 7:85?

4.      What question was asked of Rashi regarding Numbers 7:86?

5.      What question was asked of Rashi regarding Numbers 7:89?

6.      Why did Ephraim’s prince bring his offering on the Sabbath?

7.      Why did Manasseh’s prince bring his offering on the eighth day?

8.      Why did the offering of the Prince of Benjamin follows that of the prince of Ephraim and Manasseh?

9.      What is the significance of the silver sacrificial basin that the prince of Benjamin offered?

10.   Since the 12 offerings of each prince of the 12 tribes is identical, why does the Torah goes to such lengths to describe each offering in great detail and repetitiously?

11.   Why do Sephardim during the first twelve days of Nisan read each day the offerings brought by the Princes of Israel?

12.   Why did the Torah find it necessary to sum up all the different items brought by the prince of each of the twelve tribes?

13.   How is the text of Numbers 7:89 related to the statement of Hakham Shaul in Romans 3:1-2.

14.   On reading the Torah Seder for this week what touched the heart and fired the imagination of the Psalmist in  Psalm 96?

15.   On reading the Torah Seder for this week what touched the heart and fired the imagination of the Prophet in the Book of Judges?

16.   What in particular is the Prophet in the Book of Judges pointing us to?

17.   How is the reading of Mordechai (Mark) 10:32-34 related to the readings for this Shabbat?

18.   Why were the Talmidim first “amazed and/but followed,” but then “they were struck with fear”?

19.   In your opinion, what is the chief purpose that Hakham Tsefet wants to address in Mordechai (Mark) 10:32-34?

20.   In your opinion, and taking into consideration all of the above readings for this Sabbath, what is the prophetic message for this week?

 

 

 

 

 

Next Shabbat:

Shabbat “Zakhor”

II Adar 13, 5771 – March 18/19, 2011

 

Shabbat

Torah Reading:

Weekday Torah Reading:

זָכוֹר 

 

 

“Zakhor”

Reader 1 – Debarim 24:19-22

Reader 1 – B’Midbar 8:1-3

“Remember”

Reader 2 – Debarim 25:1-4

Reader 2 – B’Midbar 8:2-4

“Acuérdate”

Reader 3 – Debarim 25:5-7

Reader 3 – B’Midbar 8:1-4

Debarim (Deut.) 24:19 – 25:19

Reader 4 – Debarim 25:8-10

 

Ashlamatah: I Samuel 15:1-34

Reader 5 – Debarim 25:11-13

 

 

Reader 6 – Debarim 25:14-16

Reader 1 – B’Midbar 8:1-3

Psalm 2:1-12

Reader 7 – Debarim 25:17-19

Reader 1 – B’Midbar 8:2-4

 

    Maftir – Debarim 25:17-19

Reader 1 – B’Midbar 8:1-4

N.C.: Rev. 13:11 – 14:12; 15:2-4

                  I Samuel 15:1-34

 

 

 

Blessing After Torah Study

 

Barúch Atáh Adonai, Elohénu Meléch HaOlám,

Ashér Natán Lánu Torát Emét, V'Chayéi Olám Natá B'Tochénu.

Barúch Atáh Adonái, Notén HaToráh. Amen!

 

Blessed is Ha-Shem our God, King of the universe,

Who has given us a teaching of truth, implanting within us eternal life.

Blessed is Ha-Shem, Giver of the Torah. Amen!

 

“Now unto Him who is able to preserve you faultless, and spotless, and to establish you without a blemish,

before His majesty, with joy, [namely,] the only one God, our Deliverer, by means of Yeshua the Messiah our Master, be praise, and dominion, and honor, and majesty, both now and in all ages. Amen!”

 

Shalom Shabbat !

 

Hakham Dr. Yosef ben Haggai

Rosh Paqid Adon Hillel ben David

HE Dr. Adon Eliyahu ben Abraham

 

 

 



[1] CLV (Concordant Literal Version) as found in Rick Meyers (2009) E-Sword v. 9.5.1 - http://www.e-sword.net/downloads.html

[2] Magiera, J.M. (2009), Aramaic Peshitta New Testament: Vertical Interlinear, Light of the Word Ministry, Vol. III.

[3] Greek New Testament (Stephanus Text) as found in Rick Meyers (2009) E-Sword v. 9.5.1 - http://www.e-sword.net/downloads.html

[4] Delitzsch, http://www.kirjasilta.net/ha-berit/

[5] Hooker, M. D. (1991), Black’s New Testament Commentaries: The Gospel According to Mark, London: A & C Black Publishers, p. 244.

[6] Hooker, M. D. (1991), Black’s New Testament Commentaries: The Gospel According to Mark, London: A & C Black Publishers, p. 245.

[7] Sabin, M. N. (2006), New Collegeville Bible Commentary: The Gospel According to Mark, Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press, p. 93.

[8] Taylor, V. (1957), The Gospel According to St. Mark: The Greek Text with Introduction, Notes and Indexes, New York: Macmillan, p. 436.