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Esnoga Bet Emunah 4544 Highline Dr. SE Olympia, WA 98501 United States of America © 2015 E-Mail: gkilli@aol.com |
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Esnoga Bet El 102 Broken Arrow Dr. Paris TN 38242 United States of America © 2015 E-Mail: waltoakley@charter.net |
Triennial Cycle (Triennial Torah Cycle) / Septennial Cycle (Septennial Torah Cycle)
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Three and 1/2 year Lectionary Readings |
First Year of the Triennial Reading Cycle |
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Heshvan 18, 5776 – Oct 30/31, 2015 |
First Year of the Shmita Cycle |
Candle Lighting and Habdalah Times:
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Amarillo, TX, U.S. Fri. Oct 30 2015 – Candles at 6:37 PM Sat. Oct 31 2015 – Habdalah 7:33 PM |
Austin & Conroe, TX, U.S. Fri. Oct 30 2015 – Candles at 6:27 PM Sat. Oct 31 2015 – Habdalah 7:21 PM |
Brisbane, Australia Fri. Oct 30 2015 – Candles at 5:47 PM Sat. Oct 31 2015 – Habdalah 6:42 PM |
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Chattanooga, & Cleveland, TN, U.S. Fri. Oct 30 2015 – Candles at 6:31 PM Sat. Oct 31 2015 – Habdalah 7:27 PM |
Manila & Cebu, Philippines Fri. Oct 30 2015 – Candles at 5:11 PM Sat. Oct 31 2015 – Habdalah 6:01 PM |
Miami, FL, U.S. Fri. Oct 30 2015 – Candles at 6:23 PM Sat. Oct 31 2015 – Habdalah 7:15 PM |
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Murray, KY, & Paris, TN. U.S. Fri. Oct 30 2015 – Candles at 5:41 PM Sat. Oct 31 2015 – Habdalah 6:37 PM |
Olympia, WA, U.S. Fri. Oct 30 2015 – Candles at 5:41 PM Sat. Oct 31 2015 – Habdalah 6:44 PM |
Port Orange, FL, U.S. Fri. Oct 30 2015 – Candles at 6:22 PM Sat. Oct 31 2015 – Habdalah 7:15 PM |
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San Antonio, TX, U.S. Fri. Oct 30 2015 – Candles at 6:31 PM Sat. Oct 31 2015 – Habdalah 7:25 PM |
Sheboygan & Manitowoc, WI, US Fri. Oct 30 2015 – Candles at 5:27 PM Sat. Oct 31 2015 – Habdalah 6:27 PM |
Singapore, Singapore Fri. Oct 30 2015 – Candles at 6:32 PM Sat. Oct 31 2015 – Habdalah 7:22 PM |
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St. Louis, MO, U.S. Fri. Oct 30 2015 – Candles at 5:46 PM Sat. Oct 31 2015 – Habdalah 6:43 PM |
Tacoma, WA, U.S. Fri. Oct 30 2015 – Candles at 5:38 PM Sat. Oct 31 2015 – Habdalah 6:42 PM |
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For other places see: http://www.chabad.org/calendar/candlelighting.htm
Roll of Honor:
His Eminence Rabbi Dr. Hillel ben David and beloved wife HH Giberet Batsheva bat Sarah
His Eminence Rabbi Dr. Eliyahu ben Abraham and beloved wife HH Giberet Dr. Elisheba bat Sarah
His Honor Paqid Adon David ben Abraham
His Honor Paqid Adon Ezra ben Abraham and beloved wife HH Giberet Karmela bat Sarah,
His Honor Paqid Adon Yoel ben Abraham and beloved wife HH Giberet Rivka bat Dorit
His Honor Paqid Adon Tsuriel ben Abraham and beloved wife HH Giberet Gibora bat Sarah
Her Excellency Giberet Sarai bat Sarah & beloved family
His Excellency Adon Barth Lindemann & beloved family
His Excellency Adon John Batchelor & beloved wife
Her Excellency Giberet Laurie Taylor
Her Excellency Giberet Gloria Sutton & beloved family
His Excellency Adon Gabriel ben Abraham and beloved wife HE Giberet Elisheba bat Sarah
His Excellency Adon Yehoshua ben Abraham and beloved wife HE Giberet Rut bat Sarah
Her Excellency Giberet Prof. Dr. Emunah bat Sarah & beloved family
His Excellency Adon Robert Dick & beloved wife HE Giberet Cobena Dick
Her Excellency Giberet Jacquelyn Bennett
His Excellency Adon Eliseo Peña and beloved wife HE Giberet Eva Peña
His Excellency Adon Gary Smith and beloved wife HE Giberet Brenda Smith
His Excellency Adon Cory and beloved wife HE Giberet Mariam Felty
His Excellency Adon Jarod Barak Barnum and beloved wife HE Giberet Crystal Barnum
For their regular and sacrificial giving, providing the best oil for the lamps, we pray that G-d’s richest blessings be upon their lives and those of their loved ones, together with all Yisrael and her Torah Scholars, amen ve amen!
Also a great thank you and great blessings be upon all who send comments to the list about the contents and commentary of the weekly Torah Seder and allied topics.
If you want to subscribe to our list and ensure that you never loose any of our commentaries, or would like your friends also to receive this commentary, please do send me an E-Mail to benhaggai@GMail.com with your E-Mail or the E-Mail addresses of your friends. Toda Rabba!
Blessings Before Torah Study
Blessed are You, Ha-Shem our G-d, King of the universe, Who has sanctified us through Your commandments, and commanded us to actively study Torah. Amen!
Please Ha-Shem, our G-d, sweeten the words of Your Torah in our mouths and in the mouths of all Your people Israel. May we and our offspring, and our offspring's offspring, and all the offspring of Your people, the House of Israel, may we all, together, know Your Name and study Your Torah for the sake of fulfilling Your delight. Blessed are You, Ha-Shem, Who teaches Torah to His people Israel. Amen!
Blessed are You, Ha-Shem our G-d, King of the universe, Who chose us from all the nations, and gave us the Torah. Blessed are You, Ha-Shem, Giver of the Torah. Amen!
Ha-Shem spoke to Moses, explaining a Commandment. "Speak to Aaron and his sons, and teach them the following Commandment: This is how you should bless the Children of Israel. Say to the Children of Israel:
May Ha-Shem bless you and keep watch over you; - Amen!
May Ha-Shem make His Presence enlighten you, and may He be kind to you; - Amen!
May Ha-Shem bestow favor on you, and grant you peace. – Amen!
This way, the priests will link My Name with the Israelites, and I will bless them."
These are the Laws for which the Torah did not mandate specific amounts: How much growing produce must be left in the corner of the field for the poor; how much of the first fruits must be offered at the Holy Temple; how much one must bring as an offering when one visits the Holy Temple three times a year; how much one must do when performing acts of kindness; and there is no maximum amount of Torah that a person must study.
These are the Laws whose benefits a person can often enjoy even in this world, even though the primary reward is in the Next World: They are: Honoring one's father and mother; doing acts of kindness; early attendance at the place of Torah study -- morning and night; showing hospitality to guests; visiting the sick; providing for the financial needs of a bride; escorting the dead; being very engrossed in prayer; bringing peace between two people, and between husband and wife; but the study of Torah is as great as all of them together. Amen!
Shabbat “Vayizkor Elohim Et Noach” – “And G-d remembered Noah”
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Shabbat |
Torah Reading: |
Weekday Torah Reading: |
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וַיִּזְכֹּר אֱלֹהִים, אֶת-נֹחַ |
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“Vayizkor Elohim Et Noach” |
Reader 1 – B’resheet 8:1-5 |
Reader 1 – B’resheet 9:18-20 |
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“And G-d remembered Noah” |
Reader 2 – B’resheet 8:6-14 |
Reader 2 – B’resheet 9:21-23 |
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“Y se acordó Dio de Noé” |
Reader 3 – B’resheet 8:15-19 |
Reader 3 – B’resheet 9:18-23 |
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B’resheet (Gen.) Gen. 8:1– 9:17 B’Midbar (Num.) 28:9-15 |
Reader 4 – B’resheet 8:20-22 |
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Ashlamatah: Habakkuk 3:2-10 + 19 |
Reader 5 – B’resheet 9:1-7 |
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Special: I Samuel 20:18,42 |
Reader 6 – B’resheet 9:8-11 |
Reader 1 – B’resheet 9:18-20 |
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Psalms 6:1-11 |
Reader 7 – B’resheet 9:12-17 |
Reader 2 – B’resheet 9:21-23 |
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Maftir – B’Midbar 28:9-15 |
Reader 3 – B’resheet 9:18-23 |
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N.C.: Mark 1:14-15 Luke 4:14-15 & Acts 2:14-20 |
Habakkuk 3:2-10 + 19 I Samuel 20:18,42 |
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Contents of the Torah Seder
· The Diminution of Waters – Gen. 8:1-5
· The Raven and the Dove – Gen. 8:6-14
· Leaving the Ark and Building an Altar – Gen. 8:15-22
· The Covenant with Noah and the Seven Laws of Noah – Gen. 9:1-17
Rashi & Targumim for: B’resheet 8:1 – 9:17
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Rashi’s Translation |
Targum Pseudo Jonathan |
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1. And God remembered Noah and all the beasts and all the cattle that were with him in the ark, and God caused a spirit to pass over the earth, and the waters subsided. |
1. And the LORD in His Word remembered Noah, and all the animals and the cattle which were with him in the ark; and the LORD caused the wind of mercies to pass over the earth, and the waters were dried. JERUSALEM: And He remembered in His mercies the good that was with Noah. And the LORD caused the wind of mercies. |
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2. And the springs of the deep were closed, and the windows of the heavens, and the rain from the heavens was withheld. |
2. And the fountains of the deep were shut up, and the windows of heaven, and the rain was forbidden to descend from heaven. |
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3. And the waters receded off the earth more and more, and the water diminished at the end of a hundred and fifty days. |
3. And the waters returned from being on the earth, going and returning. And the waters were diminished at the end of a hundred and fifty days. |
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4. And the ark came to rest in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on the mountains of Ararat. |
4. And the ark rested in the seventh month, which is the month of Nisan, in the seventeenth day of the month, upon the mountains of Qadron; the name of the one mountain is Qardania, and the name of the other mountain Irmenia; and there was built the city of Armenia in the land of the east. |
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5. And the waters constantly diminished until the tenth month; in the tenth [month], on the first of the month, the mountain peaks appeared. |
5. And the waters went and diminished until the tenth month, the month Tammuz. In Tammuz, in the first of the month, the heads of the mountains were seen. |
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6. And it came to pass at the end of forty days, that Noah opened the window of the ark that he had made. |
6. And it was at the end of forty days, and Noah opened the aperture of the ark which he had made. |
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7. And he sent forth the raven, and it went out, back and forth until the waters dried up off the earth. |
7. And he sent out a raven; and it went forth, going forth and returning, until the waters had dried from the earth. |
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8. And he sent forth the dove from with him, to see whether the waters had abated from upon the surface of the earth. |
8. And he sent forth a house-dove from being with him, to see whether the waters were lightened from off the faces of the earth. |
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9. But the dove found no resting place for the sole of its foot; so it returned to him to the ark because there was water upon the entire surface of the earth; so he stretched forth his hand and took it, and he brought it to him to the ark. |
9. And the dove found no rest for the sole of the foot, and returned unto him to the ark; and he knew that the waters were (yet) upon the face of all the earth. And he reached out his hand, and took and brought her unto him into the ark. |
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10. And he waited again another seven days, and he again sent forth the dove from the ark. |
10. And he prolonged (waited) yet seven days, and again he sent the dove from the ark. JERUSALEM: And he began to number, and again he sent the dove from the ark. |
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11. And the dove returned to him at eventide, and behold it had plucked an olive leaf in its mouth; so Noah knew that the water had abated from upon the earth. |
11. And the dove came to him at the evening time, and, behold, a leaf of olive gathered, broken off, she brought in her mouth, and which she had taken from the Mount of the Messiah. And Noah understood that the waters had lightened from being on the earth. |
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12. And he again waited another seven days, and he sent forth the dove, and it no longer continued to return to him. |
12. And he prolonged yet seven days, and added to send forth the dove; but she added not to return to him again. |
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13. And it came to pass in the six hundredth and first year, in the first [month], on the first of the month, that the waters dried up from upon the earth, and Noah removed the covering of the ark, and he saw, and behold, the surface of the ground had dried up. |
13. And it was in the six hundred and first year, in Tishri, in the first of the month, in the beginning of the year, that the waters were dried from upon the earth.And Noah removed the covering of the ark, and saw the faces of the ground to be dried. |
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14. And in the second month, on the twenty seventh day of the month, the earth was dry. |
14. And in the month Marchesvan, in the twenty-seventh day of the month, the earth was dry. |
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15. And God spoke to Noah saying: |
15. And the LORD spoke with Noah, saying: |
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16. "Go out of the ark, you and your wife, and your sons, and your sons' wives with you. |
16. Go forth from the ark, you, and your wife, and your sons, and the wives of your sons, with you. |
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17. Every living thing that is with you of all flesh, of fowl, and of animals and of all the creeping things that creep on the earth, bring out with you, and they shall swarm upon the earth, and they shall be fruitful and multiply upon the earth." |
17. Every living animal that is with you of all flesh, of fowl, of cattle, and of every reptile that creeps on the earth, bring forth with you, that they may reproduce in the earth, and spread abroad and multiply on the earth. |
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18. So Noah went out, and his sons and his wife and his sons' wives with him. |
18. And Noah went forth, and his sons, and his wife, and the wives of his sons, with him. |
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19. Every beast, every creeping thing, and all fowl, everything that moves upon the earth, according to their families they went forth from the ark. |
19. Every animal, every reptile, and every bird, which moves upon the earth, according to its seed, went forth from the ark. |
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20. And Noah built an altar to the Lord, and he took of all the clean animals and of all the clean fowl and brought up burnt offerings on the altar. |
20. And Noah built the altar before the LORD; that altar which Adam had built in the time when he was cast forth from the garden of Eden, and had offered an oblation upon it; and upon it had Kain and Habel offered their oblations. But when the waters of the deluge descended, it was destroyed, and Noah rebuilt it; and he took of all clean cattle, and of all clean fowl, and sacrificed four upon that altar. And the LORD accepted his oblation with favour: |
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21. And the Lord smelled the pleasant aroma, and the Lord said to Himself, "I will no longer curse the earth because of man, for the imagination of man's heart is evil from his youth, and I will no longer smite all living things as I have done. |
21. and the LORD said in His Word, I will not add again to curse the earth on account of the sin of the children of men; for the imagination of the heart of man is evil from his youth; neither will I add to destroy whatever lives as I have done. |
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22. So long as the earth exists, seedtime and harvest, cold and heat, summer and winter, and day and night shall not cease." |
22. Until all the days of the earth, sowing in the season of Tishri, and harvest in the season of Nisan, and coldness in the season of Tebeth, and warmth in the season of Tammuz, and summer and winter, and days and nights will not fail. JERUSALEM: Until all the days of the earth from now, sowing and reaping, and cold and heat, and days and nights will not cease. |
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1. And God blessed Noah and his sons, and He said to them: "Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth. |
1. And the LORD blessed Noah, and his sons, and said to them, Spread forth and multiply, and replenish the earth. |
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2. And your fear and your dread shall be upon all the beasts of the earth and upon all the fowl of the heaven; upon everything that creeps upon the ground and upon all the fish of the sea, [for] they have been given into your hand[s]. |
2. And the fear of you and the dread of you will be upon every beast of the earth, and on every fowl of the heavens; of all that the earth swarms forth, and all the fishes of the sea, into your hand are they delivered. |
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3. Every moving thing that lives shall be yours to eat; like the green vegetation, I have given you everything. |
3. Every moving thing which lives to you will be for food: as the green herb have I given to you the whole. |
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4. But, flesh with its soul, its blood, you shall not eat. |
4. But flesh which is torn of the living beast, what time the life is in it, or that torn from a slaughtered animal before all the breath has gone forth, you will not eat. |
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5. But your blood, of your souls, I will demand [an account]; from the hand of every beast I will demand it, and from the hand of man, from the hand of each man, his brother, I will demand the soul of man. |
5. But the blood of your lives I will I require of every animal which has killed a man, I will require that it be put to death on his account. And from the hand of the human being, from the hand of the man who has shed the blood of his brother, will I require the life of man. |
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6. Whoever sheds the blood of man through man shall his blood be shed, for in the image of God He made man. |
6. Whosoever sheds the blood of man, the judges, by witnesses, will condemn him unto death; but he who sheds it without witnesses, the LORD of the world will bring punishment on him in the day of the great judgment; because in the image of the LORD He made man. |
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7. And you, be fruitful and multiply; swarm upon the earth and multiply thereon." |
7. And you, spread yourselves abroad and multiply; bring forth in the earth, and increase in it. |
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8. And God said to Noah and to his sons with him, saying: |
8. And the LORD spoke to Noah, and to his sons with him, saying, |
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9. "And I, behold I am setting up My covenant with you and with your seed after you. |
9. I, behold, I establish my covenant with you, and with your children after you; |
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10. And with every living creature that is with you, among the fowl, among the cattle, and among all the beasts of the earth with you, of all those who came out of the ark, of all the living creatures of the earth. |
10. and with every living soul that is with you, of birds, and of cattle, and of every beast of the earth that is with you, of all that go forth from the ark, of every beast of the earth. |
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11. And I will establish My covenant with you, and never again will all flesh be cut off by the flood waters, and there will never again be a flood to destroy the earth." |
11. And I will establish my covenant with you, and will not again cause all flesh to perish by the waters of a flood; and there will not again be a flood to destroy the earth. |
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12. And God said: "This is the sign of the covenant, which I am placing between Me and between you, and between every living soul that is with you, for everlasting generations. |
12. And the LORD said, This is the sign of the covenant which I establish between My Word and between you and every living soul that is with you, unto the generations of the world. |
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13. My rainbow I have placed in the cloud, and it shall be for a sign of a covenant between Myself and the earth. |
13. I have set My Bow in the cloud, and it will be for a token of the covenant between My Word and the earth. |
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14. And it shall come to pass, when I cause clouds to come upon the earth, that the rainbow will appear in the cloud. |
14. And it will be that when I spread forth My glorious cloud over the earth, the bow will be seen in the day (time), while the sun is not sunk (or hidden) in a cloud. |
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15. And I will remember My covenant, which is between Me and between you and between every living creature among all flesh, and the water will no longer become a flood to destroy all flesh. |
15. And I will remember My covenant which is between My Word and between you and every living soul of all flesh, that there will not be the waters of a flood to destroy all flesh. |
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16. And the rainbow shall be in the cloud, and I will see it, to remember the everlasting covenant between God and between every living creature among all flesh, which is on the earth." |
16. And the bow will be in the cloud, and I will look upon it, to remember the everlasting covenant between the Word of the Lord and every living soul of all flesh that is upon the earth. |
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17. And God said to Noah: "This is the sign of the covenant that I have set up, between Myself and between all flesh that is on the earth." |
17. And the LORD said to Noah, This is the sign of the covenant that I have covenanted between My Word and between the word for all flesh that is upon the earth. |
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Welcome to the World of P’shat Exegesis
In order to understand the finished work of the P’shat mode of interpretation of the Torah, one needs to take into account that the P’shat is intended to produce a catechetical output, whereby a question/s is/are raised and an answer/a is/are given using the seven Hermeneutic Laws of R. Hillel and as well as the laws of Hebrew Grammar and Hebrew expression.
The Seven Hermeneutic Laws of R. Hillel are as follows
[cf. http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=472&letter=R]:
1. Ḳal va-ḥomer: "Argumentum a minori ad majus" or "a majori ad minus"; corresponding to the scholastic proof a fortiori.
2. Gezerah shavah: Argument from analogy. Biblical passages containing synonyms or homonyms are subject, however much they differ in other respects, to identical definitions and applications.
3. Binyan ab mi-katub eḥad: Application of a provision found in one passage only to passages which are related to the first in content but do not contain the provision in question.
4. Binyan ab mi-shene ketubim: The same as the preceding, except that the provision is generalized from two Biblical passages.
5. Kelal u-Peraṭ and Peraṭ u-kelal: Definition of the general by the particular, and of the particular by the general.
6. Ka-yoẓe bo mi-maḳom aḥer: Similarity in content to another Scriptural passage.
7. Dabar ha-lamed me-'inyano: Interpretation deduced from the context.
Reading Assignment:
The Torah Anthology: Yalkut Me’Am Lo’Ez - Vol 1: Genesis
By: Rabbi Yaaqov Culi, Translated by: Rabbi Aryeh Kaplan
Published by: Moznaim Publishing Corp. (New York, 1988)
Vol. 1 – “Genesis,” pp. 364-389.
Rashi’s Commentary for: B’resheet (Genesis) 8:1 – 9:17
1 And God remembered Heb. אֱלֽהִים This name represents the Divine Standard of Justice, which was converted to the Divine Standard of Mercy through the prayer of the righteous/generous. But the wickedness of the wicked converts the Divine Standard of Mercy to the Divine Standard of Justice, as it is said: (above 6:5ff.): “And the Lord (י-ה-ו-ה) saw that the evil of man was great, etc. And the Lord (י-ה-ו-ה) said, ‘I will blot out, etc.’“ although that name is the name of the Divine Standard of Mercy.-[Gen. Rabbah 33:3, Succah 14a] That Noah prayed in the ark appears in Tan. Noach 11, Aggadath Beresheet 7:3, Sefer Hayashar.
And God remembered Noah, etc. What did He remember regarding the animals? The merit that they did not corrupt their way before this [the Flood], and that they did not copulate in the ark.-[Tan. Buber Noach 11, Yer. Ta’an. 1:6]
and God caused a spirit to pass A spirit of consolation and calm passed before Him.-[Targum Jonathan and Yerushalmi]
over the earth Concerning [events on] the earth.
and the waters subsided Heb. וַיָשֽׁכָּוּ , like (Esther 2:1): “when the king’s fury subsided,” an expression of the calming of anger.-[from Tan. Buber Noach 12]
2 And the springs...were closed When they were opened, it was written (7: 11): “all the springs,” but here, “all” is not written, because some of them remained [open], those that were necessary for the world, such as the hot springs of Tiberias and the like.-[Gen. Rabbah 33:4]
was withheld Heb. וַיִכָּלֵא , and it was withheld, like (Ps. 40:12): “You will not withhold (תִכְלָא) Your mercies”; (Gen. 23:6): “[None of us] will withhold (יִכְלֶה) from you.”
3 at the end of a hundred and fifty days they commenced to diminish, and that was on the first of Sivan. How so? On the twenty-seventh of Kislev, the rains stopped, leaving three days in Kislev and twenty-nine in Teveth, making a total of thirty-two days, and Shevat, Adar, Nissan, and Iyar total one hundred and eighteen [days], making a grand total of one hundred fifty [days].-[Seder Olam ch. 4]
4 in the seventh month Sivan, which is the seventh counting from Kislev, in which the rains stopped.-[from aforementioned source]
on the seventeenth day From here you learn that the ark was submerged in the water eleven cubits, for it is written: (verse 5) ”In the tenth [month], on the first of the month, the mountain peaks appeared.” That is [the month of] Av, which is the tenth month counting from Marcheshvan, when the rains fell, and they were fifteen cubits higher than the mountains. They diminished from the first of Sivan until the first of Av fifteen cubits in sixty days, at the rate of a cubit in four days. The result is that on the sixteenth of Sivan they had diminished only four cubits, and the ark came to rest on the next day. You learn [from here] that it was submerged eleven cubits in the waters [which were] above the mountain peaks.-[from aforementioned source]
5 in the tenth [month], etc., the mountain peaks appeared This refers to Av, which is the tenth [month] from Marcheshvan, when the rain commenced. Now if you say that it refers to Elul, which is the tenth [month] from Kislev, when the rain stopped, just as you say: “in the seventh month,” refers to Sivan, which is the seventh [month] after the cessation [of the rain]; [I will tell you that] it is impossible to say this. You must admit [that] the seventh month can be counted only from the time that the rain stopped, because there did not end the forty days of the rains and the one hundred fifty days when the water gained strength, until the first of Sivan. And if you say that it refers to the seventh [month] from the [beginning of the] rain, it would not come out to be Sivan. The tenth [month] can be counted only from the time the rain commenced to fall, for if you say [that it is counted] from the time when the rain stopped, which is Elul, you would not understand (verse 13): “In the first [month], on the first [day] of the month, the waters dried up from upon the earth,” for at the end of the forty days, when the mountain peaks appeared, he sent forth the raven, and he waited twenty-one days with sending the dove, totalling sixty days from the time the mountain peaks appeared until the surface of the earth dried. and if you say that they appeared in Elul, it would mean that they dried up in Marcheshvan. Scripture, however, calls it the first [month] and that can refer only to Tishri, which is the first [month] from the creation of the world, and according to Rabbi Joshua, it is Nissan.
6 at the end of forty days since the mountain peaks appeared.
the window of the ark that he had made for light, and this is not the opening of the ark, which was made for going in and out.
7 and it went out, back and forth Going and encircling around the ark, but it did not go to fulfill its errand because it [the raven] suspected him [Noah] concerning its mate, as we find in the Aggadah of [chapter] “Chelek.”-[from Sanh. 108b]
until the waters dried up The simple explanation is its apparent meaning, but the Midrash Aggadah (Gen. Rabbah 33:5) [explains that] the raven was destined for another errand during the lack of rain in the time of Elijah, as it is said (I Kings 17:6): “and the ravens brought him bread and meat.”
8 And he sent forth the dove seven days later, for it is written: “And he waited again another seven days.” From this general statement you learn that the first time too he waited seven days.-[Gen. Rabbah 33:6]
And he sent forth Heb. וַיְשַׁלַח This is not an expression of sending on a mission but an expression of sending away. He sent it forth to go on its way, and thereby he would see whether the waters had abated, for if it would find a resting place, it would not return to him.
10 And he waited Heb. וַיָחֶל , an expression of waiting, and so, (Job 29:21): “They listened to me and waited (יִחֵלוּ) ,” and there are many such instances in Scripture.
11 it had plucked...in its mouth Heb. טָרָף , lit. he had plucked. [Rashi interprets טָרָף as a verb in the masculine form. According to his reading, there would be an inconsistency in the verse: “He had plucked an olive leaf in her mouth,” because the subject (which is masculine) would not agree with the final prepositional phrase (which is feminine).] I say that it was a male. Therefore, Scripture sometimes refers to it in the masculine gender and sometimes in the feminine, because every יוֹנָה in Scripture is in the feminine gender, like (Song 5:12): “like doves beside rivulets of water, bathing (רֽחֲצוֹת) ”; (Ezek. 7:16): “like doves of the valleys, they all moan (הֽמוֹת) ”; and like (Hos. 7:11): “like a silly (פוֹתָה) dove.”
it had plucked Heb. טָרָף , “he plucked.” The Midrash Aggadah explains it טָרָף as an expression of food, and interprets בְּפִיהָ as an expression of speech. It [the dove] said: Let my food be as bitter as an olive in the hands of the Holy One, blessed be He, and not as sweet as honey in the hands of flesh and blood.- [Sanh. 108b]
12 And he...waited Heb. וַיִיָחֶל This has the same meaning as וִַיָחֶל , except that the latter is the וַיַפְעֶל form (the קַל conjugation), and the former is in the וַיִתְפָעֵל form (the reflexive conjugation). וַיָחֶלis equivalent to וַיַמְתֵּן (and he waited); וַיִיָחֶל is equivalent to וַיִתְמַתֵּן (and he was patient).
13 in the first [month] According to Rabbi Eliezer, it is Tishri, and according to Rabbi Joshua, it is Nissan.- [from Rashi R.H. 12b] See above 7:11, 8:5.
dried up It [the earth] became a sort of clay, for its upper surface had formed a crust.- [Seder Olam ch. 4, Gen. Rabbah 33:7, according to Yalkut Shim’oni]
14 on the twenty-seventh And they [the rains] started to fall in the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month. These are the eleven days by which the solar year exceeds the lunar year, for the judgment of the Generation of the Flood was for a whole year.- [from Eduyoth 2:10]
the earth was dry It became dry earth, as it should be.
16 you and your wife, etc. A man and his wife. Here He permitted them to engage in marital relations. See above 6:18, 7:7.
17 bring out It is written הוֹצֵא , but it is read הַיְצֵא .הַיְצֵא means: tell them that they should come out. הוֹצֵא means: if they do not wish to come out, you take them out.-[from Gen. Rabbah 34:8]
and they shall swarm upon the earth But not in the ark. This tells us that even the animals and the fowl were prohibited from mating.-[from Gen. Rabbah ad loc.]
19 according to their families They accepted upon themselves the condition that they cleave to their own species.
20 of all the clean animals He said, “The Holy One, blessed be He, commanded me to take in seven pairs of these only in order to offer up a sacrifice from them.”-[from Tan. Vayakhel 6, Gen. Rabbah 34:9]
21 from his youth This is written: מִנְעֻרָיו [i.e., without a “vav”] [implying that] from the time that he [the embryo] shakes himself [ נִנְעָר ] to emerge from his mother’s womb, the evil inclination is placed in him.-[from Gen. Rabbah 34:10]
I will no longer...and I will no longer He repeated the words to denote an oath. That is what is written (Isa. 54:9): “That I swore that the waters of Noah shall never again pass over the earth,” and we do not find an oath concerning this matter except in this [statement, in] which He repeated His words, and this [repetition denotes that it] is an oath. So did our Sages expound in Tractate Shevuoth (36a).
22 So long as the earth exists… shall not cease Each of these six seasons has two months, as we learned: Half of Tishri, Marcheshvan, and half of Kislev are “seedtime.” Half of Kislev, Teveth, and half of Shevat are the “cold” season, etc. in B.M.(106b). (Other editions add:
So long as the earth exists Heb. עֽד means “always”, like (Num. 19:13): “his uncleanness is permanently (עוֹד) upon him.”
cold is more severe than winter.
winter Heb. חֽרֶף , the time for sowing barley and beans, which are early (חֲרִיפִין) to ripen quickly. The cold period is half of Shevat, Adar, and half of Nissan.
Summer - קַיִץ This is half of Sivan, Tamuz, and half of Av, which is the time of the gathering of the figs and the time when they dry them in the fields, and it (the dried fig) is קַיִץ , as (II Sam. 16:2): “the bread and the dried fruits (וְהַקַיִץ) for the young men to eat.”
heat That is the end of the sunny season, half of Av, Elul, and half of Tishri, when the world is hottest, as we find in Tractate Yoma (29a): The end of the summer is more severe than the summer.
and day and night shall not cease From here we deduce that they ceased for the duration of the Flood: the planets did not function, and day was indistinguishable from night.-[from Gen. Rabbah 25:2, 34:11]
shall not cease All these shall not cease to perform according to their natural course.
Chapter 9
1 and your dread Heb. וְחִתְּכֶם , means “your fear,” like (Job 6:21): “You see terror (חַתַת) .” According to the Aggadah (Shab. 151b), however, it is an expression of life (חַיוּת) , for as long as an infant [even] one day old is alive, there is no need to guard him from mice, but if Og, the king of Bashan is dead, he must be guarded from mice, as it is said: “And your fear and your life shall be.” When will your fear be upon the creatures? As long as you are alive.
3 shall be yours to eat -(Sanhedrin 59b) For I did not permit the first man [Adam] to eat meat, but only vegetation, but for you, just as the green vegetation which I permitted for the first man, I have given you everything.
4 flesh with its soul He prohibited them [to eat] a limb [cut off from] a living creature; i.e., as long as its soul is in it, you shall not eat the flesh.-[from Sanh. ad loc.] [i.e., if the limb is cut from the animal while it is alive, it is forbidden to be eaten even after the animal expires.]
with its soul, its blood As long as its soul is within it.
flesh with its soul...you shall not eat This refers to a limb of a living creature. And also, its blood, you shall not eat-This refers to blood of a living creature.-[from above source]
5 But your blood Even though I permitted you to take the life of animals, your blood I will demand of one who sheds his own blood [i.e., who commits suicide].-[from Gen. Rabbah 34:13, B.K. 91b]
of your souls Also one who strangles himself, even though no blood issued from him.-[Gen. Rabbah ad loc.]
from the hand of every beast Since the Generation of the Flood had sinned, and they were abandoned as prey for the wild beasts, which would have power over them, as it is said (Ps. 49:13, 21): “he is compared to the silenced animals”; therefore, it was necessary to warn the beasts about them [not to kill them].-[from unknown midrashic sources]
and from the hand of man From the hand of one who kills intentionally, without witnesses, I will demand [his life]. Cf. Targum Jonathan, verse 6.
from the hand of each man, his brother From the hand of the one who loves him like a brother, and killed him unintentionally, I will demand [punishment], if he does not go into exile nor beg that his iniquity be forgiven. For even the inadvertent sinner requires atonement. If there are no witnesses to sentence him to exile, and he does not humble himself, the Holy One, blessed be He, will demand it of him, as our Rabbis expounded [on the verse] (Exod. 21:13): “And God placed him into his hand,” in Tractate Makkoth (10b): the Holy One, blessed be He, causes them to meet at the same inn, etc. [The passage reads: What is this verse speaking of? Of two men, each of whom had murdered a person; one had murdered intentionally and one had murdered unintentionally. This one had no witnesses, and that one had no witnesses. The Holy One, blessed be He, causes them to meet at the same inn; the one who murdered intentionally sits under a ladder, and the one who murdered unintentionally climbs down the ladder, and falls upon him, killing him. The one who murdered intentionally is killed, and the one who killed unintentionally is exiled.]
6 through man shall his blood be shed If there are witnesses, you kill him. Why? “For in the image of God, etc.”
He made man This is an elliptical verse. It should read: “the Maker made man,” and there are many such instances in Scripture.
7 And you, be fruitful and multiply- According to its simple meaning: the first [mention of this expression] (verse 1) was a blessing, and this [mention] is a commandment. According to its midrashic interpretation, [it is written here] to compare one who does not engage in propagation to one who sheds blood.-[from Yev. 63b]
9 And I, behold I Agree with you, for Noah was afraid to engage in propagation until the Holy One, blessed be He, promised him never to destroy the world again, and so He did. He ultimately said to him, “Behold I agree to make a confirmation and a strengthening of a covenant for My promise, and I will give you a sign.”-[from Tan. Buber, Noach 17]
10 and among all the beasts of the earth with you These are the ones that walk with people.
of all those who came out of the ark to include abominable creatures and creeping animals.
the living creatures of the earth to include the demons, which are not included in “every living creature that is with you,” for they do not walk with human beings.
11 And I will establish I will make a confirmation for My covenant, and what is its confirmation? The rainbow, as it [Scripture] proceeds to conclude. Note that the Oxford ms. and the Guadalajara ed. read: the sign of the rainbow. However, our edition coincides with other early editions.
12 for everlasting generations It [the word דֽרֽת ] is written defectively [without the letter “vav”] because there were generations that did not require the sign because they were completely righteous, such as the generation of Hezekiah, the king of Judah, and the generation of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai (Gen. Rabbah 35:2).
14 when I cause clouds to come when it comes to My mind to bring darkness and destruction to the world.- [from Gen. Rabbah 35:3]
16 between God and between every living creature Between the Standard of Justice of Heaven and between you, for it should have stated, “Between Me and every living creature!” But the following is its midrashic interpretation: When the standard of justice comes to accuse you (to condemn you), I will see the aforementioned sign.-[Gen. Rabbah 35:3] Other editions read: I will see the sign, and it will be remembered.
17 This is the sign of the covenant He showed him [Noah] the bow and said to him, “Here is the sign of which I spoke.” [The expression, “This is,” always denotes that the object is being pointed out by the speaker. Cf. Rashi, Exod. 12:2, 30:13, Lev. 8:5, 11:2.]
Ketubim: Psalms 6:1-11
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Rashi’s Translation |
Targum |
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1. To the conductor with melodies on the sheminith, a song of David. |
1. For praise; with melodies on the harp of eight strings. A hymn of David. |
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2. O Lord, do not rebuke me in Your anger, and do not chastise me in Your wrath. |
2. O LORD, do not humble me in Your anger; and do not punish me in Your wrath. |
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3. Be gracious to me, O Lord, because I languish; heal me, O Lord, because my bones are frightened. |
3. Pity me, O LORD, for I am weak; heal me, O LORD, for my bones are terrified. |
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4. And my soul is very frightened, and You, O Lord, how long? |
4. And my soul is greatly terrified; and You, O LORD, when will You give me relief? |
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5. Return, O Lord, rescue my soul; save me for the sake of Your loving- kindness. |
5. Turn, O LORD, save my soul, redeem me for the sake of Your goodness. |
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6. For there is no memory of You in death; in the grave, who will thank You? |
6. For there is no memory of You in death; in Sheol who will give You thanks? |
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7. I am weary from my sighing; every night I sully my bed; I wet my couch with my tears. |
7. I am wearied with my groaning; I will speak in my sorrow every night on my bed; I will drown my couch with my tears. |
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8. My eye is dimmed from anger; it has aged because of all my adversaries. |
8. My eye is dark from my trouble; it is worn out by all my oppressors. |
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9. Turn away from me, all you workers of iniquity, for the Lord has hearkened to the voice of my weeping. |
9. Leave me, all doers of falsehood; for the LORD has heard the sound of my weeping. |
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10. The Lord has hearkened to my supplication; the Lord has accepted my prayer. |
10. My petition has been heard in the LORD's presence; the LORD will accept my prayer. |
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11. All my enemies shall be ashamed and very frightened; they shall return and be ashamed in a moment. |
11. All of my enemies will be ashamed and very afraid; they will turn and be ashamed in an instant. |
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Rashi’s Commentary on Psalm 6:1-11
1 on the sheminith A harp of eight strings, known as sheminith, and so we find (in I Chron. 15:21): “So-and-so and his sons on the sheminith to conduct.”
3 languish אמלל , devastated, and poor in strength, konfondouc in Old French, confounded, perplexed as “these feeble Jews (האמללים) ,” of Ezra (Neh. 3:34).
4 and You, O Lord, how long will You look on and not heal [me]?
5 Return, O Lord from Your anger.
rescue my soul from my illness.
7 every night I sully my bed Heb. אשׂחה an expression of (Lam. 3:45): “scum (סחי) and refuse”; (Isa. 5:25), “and their corpses were like spittle (כסוחה) .” I sully my bed with tears. Menachem (p. 172), however, associated it with (Isa. 25: 11): “as the swimmer (השׂחה) spreads out [his hands] to swim (לשׂחות) ,” and with (Ezek. 47:5), “water to swim in (שׂחו) .”
I wet my couch with my tears I moisten and wet as with water.
8 is dimmed Heb. עשׁשׁה , an expression of a lantern (עשׁשׁית) , an eye which has impaired vision and seems to see through glass [held] before its eyes. Menachem (p. 139) defines it as an expression of decay, and so every expression of עשׁ , like (below 31:1 1) “and my bones are wasted away (עשׁשׁו) .”
it has aged Heb. עתקה . My eye has aged and become old in that its light has dimmed. Menachem (p. 139) associated it with (Gen. 12:8): “And he moved (ויעתק) from there to the mountain.”
because of all my adversaries Because of the troubles that distress me.
11 shall be ashamed and very frightened, etc. What is the meaning of “they shall return and be ashamed” a second time? Said Rabbi Johanan: In the future the Holy One, blessed be He, will judge the wicked of the nations of the world and sentence them to Gehinnom. Because they will complain to Him, He will take them back and again show them their records, and He returns them to Gehinnom. This is a double embarrassment. Rabbi Shmuel bar Nachmani says: In the future, every nation will call to its god, but it will not answer. Consequently, they will call to the Holy One, blessed be He. He will say to them, “Had you called Me first, I would have answered you. Now you have made the idols of primary importance and Me of secondary import. Therefore, I will not answer,” for it is stated (below 18:42): “They pray, but no one saves them.” This refers to the idols, and afterward, “to the Lord, but He answered them not.” Therefore, it is said: “they shall return and be ashamed.”
in a moment In a short time.
Meditation from the Psalms
Psalm 6:1-11
By: H.Em. Rabbi Dr. Hillel ben David
David composed this psalm when bed-ridden with a terrible illness which enfeebled his entire body. Righteous man that he was he accepted his pains as a means to release his soul from the shackles of sin.
The Sheminit, the eight-stringed instrument which accompanied this psalm, relates to this theme.
Maharal and Hirsch discuss in many of their writings, the significance of the numbers six, seven, eight, and ten. 'Six' symbolizes the cube form covered from all sides, a three-dimensional unit, representing the total perfection of this physical world created in six days. 'Seven' always indicates the divine element connected, and connecting, with the physical world of creation, as we find on the Holy Sabbath, the seventh day. 'Eight', however, heralds release from this world, redemption from all bodily and moral ills, and resurrection from all physical decay. This is primarily the condition of the future, when Messiah will loosen the bonds which shackle us to this world. Similarly, circumcision is performed on the eighth day, teaching that a basic prerequisite for our covenant, our Brit, with HaShem is that we free ourselves from the fetters of the sensual world (symbolized by the ערלה, foreskin). The harp of ten strings, however, is reserved for the day when all of the world will unite into one harmonious whole.
David's choice of the Messianic Sheminit instrument to accompany this particular psalm denotes terrible anguish over his desecration of his Brit-Covenant with HaShem because of sin. He yearns to achieve a self-discipline of Messianic proportions, thereby liberating himself from the lusts and desires which drew him to sin.
Radak explains that David did not dedicate this psalm to himself alone; he meant it to be a prayer for every person in distress, particularly for Israel when sick and oppressed in exile.
Indeed, David's intention was fulfilled, for this psalm has been incorporated into our daily prayers[1] as תחנון, 'Tachanun' a plea for forgiveness and mercy.[2] This sad, depressing psalm is a part of our daily prayers, but it is omitted on any day when we have even a minor celebration.[3]
As we mentioned earlier, David was sick when he composed this psalm. The Midrash enlightens us on this subject:
Aggadat Bereshit 38 Our Rabbis said: “David was sick and bedridden for thirteen years. They would change his mattress seven times a day, because of wetness, as it is stated: ‘I am weary with my groaning; all the night I make my bed to swim; I water my couch with my tears’.[4] These are the thirteen years during which he suffered affliction, because of that act that he had committed[5], and all his enemies would say: ‘When will he die [already]?’ As it is stated: ‘My enemies speak evil of me: “When shall he die, and his name perish?”‘.[6] Finally, he asked for mercy from the Holy One, blessed be He; he said to him: ‘Master of the Universe, raise me up for the sake of the Temple that the prophet Shmuel passed down to me. Please raise me up from this bed, so that I may complete the blueprints of the Temple.’ As it is stated: ‘O Lord, be gracious to me, and raise me up, that I may complete it for them’[7] —’Raise me up from this illness and I will complete for them the blueprints of the Temple.’ Immediately, the Holy One, blessed be He, heard his prayer and he stood up from the bed. As it is stated: ‘Then David the king stood up upon his feet’.[8] Now, where does a man stand if not upon his feet? What is ‘upon his feet’? Rather, he was cured and became healthy, and he stood on his feet after all those years, and he handed over to them the blueprints of the Temple; ‘All this is put in writing by the hand of the Lord who instructed me’.[9] Furthermore, it says: ‘Then David gave to Shlomo his son the pattern of the porch,’ and it says: ‘and the pattern of all that he had by the spirit’.
This psalm was meant to be played on a musical instrument called a Sheminit. This eight stringed instrument,[10] used in messianic days, speaks to the meaning of the number eight and it’s application to King David as he was enduring this terrible illness as an atonement for his sins against his brit mila, his circumcision. Remember that brit mila is performed on the eighth day of a boy’s life. Consider that the number eight always alludes to a departure from the “natural” world, and entry into the supernatural world. Thus we understand that this psalm teaches us how to rejoice while undergoing tremendous physical trials by helping us to see that there is light at the end of the tunnel, in the next world. The Talmud[11] elaborates on the when we use the various stringed instruments:
Arachin 13b R. Judah said, the harp (kinnor) of the Sanctuary had seven cords, as it is written: In Thy presence is fitness [soba] of joy;[12] read not, fullness [soba’], but seven [sheba]! The harp of the messianic days has eight cords, as it is said: For the leader on the Sheminith,[13] [i.e., the eighth string]. The harp of the world to come has ten cords, as it is said: With an instrument (asor) of ten strings, and with the psaltery (nevel); with a solemn sound upon the harp.[14] Furthermore, it is said: Give thanks unto the Lord with harp, sing praises unto Him with the psaltery of ten strings. Sing unto Him a new song; play skillfully midst shouts of joy.[15] You could say also that [our Mishnah will be] in accord with R. Judah: Since, in the world to come, it will have more cords and its sound will be stronger, like that of a harp, he calls it ‘harp’.
In the septennial lectionary, we read this Torah portion, and psalm, on the Shabbat closest to when[16] HaShem began drying up the waters of the flood, in the days of Noach. The flood waters had prevailed for 150 days.[17]
The verbal tally between the Torah and our psalm is: Return – שוב. This is the root of teshuva - תשובה, normally translated as “repent”. Those who repent will spend time with HaShem in the messianic millennium, the time of transition from this world to the next. In fact, one might say that repentance is the key to the messianic millennium. Now, eight is also that which connects our psalm to our Torah portion, as we can see from the Nazarean Codicil:
2 Tsefet (Peter) 2:4-5 For if God spared not the angels that sinned, but cast them down to hell, and delivered them into chains of darkness, to be reserved unto judgment; 5 And spared not the old world, but saved Noah the eighth person, a preacher of righteousness, bringing in the flood upon the world of the ungodly;
I suppose that it is no coincidence that we are reading about Noach who was the eighth person, on a “cruise ship” containing eight people,[18] which endured a flood which began, and ended, in the eighth month,[19] while listening to a psalm played on an eight stringed instrument, in the eighth chapter of Bereshit. In the annual Torah cycle parashat Noach is read in the eighth month. In the septennial Torah cycle, seder Noach is read in the eighth month and in the second month.
In this psalm[20] we see a copious amount of tears and crying. This is reflected in our Torah portion with the hot waters of the flood that surely was a bit salty. Lets explore tears and crying a little.
What is crying? Crying is the involuntary reaction to a process that has ceased. Crying is a normal human response to the sudden termination of a process that we wanted to continue. Our soul becomes confused by certain events. The soul expresses this confusion in the physical world with crying. We can see from the symptoms of crying, that everything about them spells confusion. The symptoms of crying are:
- Water pouring from the eyes.
- Blurred vision.
- Slurred and incoherent speech.
- Confused thoughts.
Water is a fluid that can dissolve anything. Water is often called the universal solvent.
On the land we have landmarks, but we have no such marking for our path on the sea. The waters of the tears are an indication that we have lost our path and that we no longer know which way to go; the pathway in no longer marked and clear. We are now sailing on the sea without a clear path.
When our body pulls us in one direction and our soul in another, when we have not been able to unite the two and express ourselves holistically, then we suffer. What are tears? Tears,דמעות - dima’ot, come from a root, da’mai, denoting mixture and confusion. The Zohar observes that the Hebrew word for crying, בכי - bechi, is derived from the same root as nevucha, which means confusion. We see this confusion[21] in:
Shemot (Exodus) 14:3 … They are confused (nevochim) in the land, the desert has closed them in.
The numerical value of bechi, weeping, is equal to that of lev, heart, which is thirty-two, because tears are meaningful when they are sincere expressions of the heart.
In Hebrew, the word for “tears” (דמעה - dima) is spelled the same way as the word “jumbled” (דמעה - dema).
The Talmud[22] describes earthquakes as produced by two tears shed by HaShem into the Great Ocean over “His children dwelling in pain among the nations.” When the Jewish people are not living according to the Torah in their Land, the essential image of man is missing from the world, and the world therefore returns to the chaos and formlessness it had before creation. HaShem’s tears symbolize the chaos: His crying for a world without apparent order.
The ocean is a place of chaos, a place incapable of fulfilling the purpose for
which HaShem formed the world, to be inhabited. The water filling the ocean is
the paradigm of physicality; it has no shape of its own, but can only take on
the shape of whatever container is found. This explains why the book of
Revelation tells us that in the end there will be no more sea.[23]
What is the mashal[24] of crying?
The Gemara[25] says that, although the gates of prayer may be closed, the gates of tears are never closed. Apparently there is a relationship between the two, although the tears may go further.
In his commentary on Bereshit (Genesis) 43:20, Rashi equated crying and beseeching. Thus we learn that the right kind of tears can be shed to beseech HaShem to hear our prayer.
The Talmud shows that tears are the source of the mitzva of shofar on Rosh Hashanah.
Eicha (Lamentations) 3:48-49 “My eye sheds streams of water at the shattering of my People. My eye will flow and will not cease, without relief, until HaShem looks down and takes notice from Heaven.”
The Tanach teaches a number of things with respect to tears; I will speak to four of them:
1 - Two closely related physiological acts emanate from different parts of the face. The act of weeping is associated with the mouth (the voice), as we see in Yirmeyahu 31:15, where the Prophet speaks encouragingly to our mother Rachel, “Keep your voice from weeping...”, but tears are associated with the eyes, “...and your eyes from tears”.[26]
2 - Tears can be, and are, counted and preserved by HaShem – “collect my tears in Your flask...”,[27] recited in the “Neilah” Prayer at the end of Yom Kippur.
3 – A reward is given for the shedding of tears:
Tehillim (Psalm) 126:5 “Those who sow with tears, will harvest with joy.”
4 – Ultimately, HaShem will wipe away all of our tears:
Yeshayahu (Isaiah) 25:8 And the Lord God will wipe away the tears from every face.
Clearly our psalm is meant to be a prayer for all those in physical distress who yearn for the eighth millennium when we can, again, walk with HaShem in the garden, free of the distress of this body. Noach has his salty flood and King David had his salty flood.
The Talmud[28] teaches that "Even when all the gates are closed, the gates of tears remain forever open."
Bava Metzia 59a Rabbi Elazar says: From the day the Temple was destroyed the gates of prayer have been locked, as the verse states, “though I cry and plead, He shut out my prayer”.[29] But even though the gates of prayer are locked, the gates of tears are not locked, as the verse states, “Hear my prayer, G-d, give ear to my cry, do not remain silent to my tears”.[30]
Those tears surely ascended to the highest of heavens and reached the throne of the Almighty Himself and surely, the Almighty gathered those precious drops and is preserving them to make a path for the coming of Mashiach.
Ashlamatah: Habakkuk 3:2-10 + 19
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Rashi’s Translation |
Targum |
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1. A prayer of Habakkuk the prophet concerning the errors. |
1. The prayer which Habakkuk the prophet prayed when it was revealed to him concerning the extension of time which He gives to the wicked, that if they return to the Law with a perfect heart they will be forgiven and all their sins which they have committed before Him will be as sins of ignorance. |
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2. O Lord, I heard a report of You; I feared, O Lord, Your deed. In the midst of the years, revive it; in the midst of the years, let it be known. In anger You shall remember to have mercy. |
2. LORD, I have heard the report of Your strength and I was afraid! O LORD, Your works are great for You grant an extension of time to the wicked to see if they will return to your Law; but they have not returned and they provoke before You in the midst of the years in which You have given them life. Therefore you will display Your might in the midst of the years, for You have promised to renew the world, to take vengeance on the wicked who have disregarded your Memra; but in the midst of Your anger You will remember in mercy the righteous/generous who do Your will. |
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3. God came from Teman; yea, the Holy One from Mt. Paran, with everlasting might. His glory covered the heavens and His splendor filled the earth. |
3. When He gave the Law to His people. God revealed Himself from the south, even the holy One from Mount Paran with everlasting strength, the heavens were covered with the brightness of His glory, and the earth was full of those speaking His praise. |
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4. And there was a brightness like the light; they had rays from His hand, and there was His strength hidden. |
4. And the splendour of his glory was revealed like the splendour of Creation, 18 ani9 sparks'? issuedfrom his glorious chariot." there he revealed his Shekinah which was hidden from the sons of men" in the high fastness |
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5. A pestilence went before Him, and sparks went out at His feet. |
5. The angel ofdeath" was sent25from before him and went forth in aflame offire'tfrom his Memra, |
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6. He stood and meted out to the earth; He saw and caused nations to wander. And the everlasting mountains were shattered; the everlasting hills were humbled. The procedures of the world are His. |
6. He revealed himself: and shook the earth and brought the flood upon the people of the generation which disregarded His Memra, and again. moreover. when they sinned before Him with their sins He then confounded the nations, and the mountains which were from of old were torn apart. the ancient hills sank low.Everlasting strength belongs to Him! |
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7. Because of iniquity I saw the tents of Cushan; the curtains of the land of Midian quaked. |
7. When the house of Israel served idols I gave them into the hand of Cushan the Wicked, and when they returned to keep the Law I performed signs and mighty acts for them. I delivered them from the power of the Midianites by the hand of Gideon son of Joash. |
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8. Was the Lord angry with the rivers? Is His wrath against the rivers, or His fury against the sea? Only that You rode on Your steeds with Your chariots of salvation. |
8. Was there anger from before you, O LORD, against kings and their hosts which were numerous as the waters ofa river? Indeed Your anger was against the kings, and in the sea You showed them Your mighty retribution, when you revealed Yourself upon Your glorious chariot. Your Shekinah was strength and salvation to Your people. |
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9. Your bow revealed itself; The oaths to the tribes were a perpetual statement; You split the earth into rivers. |
9. You did indeed reveal Yourself in Your strength on account of Your covenant which was with the tribes. Your Memra endures forever. For them you cleft strong rocks, rivers flooding the ground issued forth. |
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10. Mountains saw You and quaked. A stream of water passed. The deep gave forth its voice. The heaven raised up its thanks. |
10. When you revealed Yourself upon Mount Sinai they beheld Your glory, the mountains quaked, the rain-clouds passed on, the deep lifted up its voice, the hosts on high were amazed and stood still. |
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11. The sun and the moon stood in their dwellings; to the light of Your arrows they go, to the brightness of the lightning of Your spear. |
11. Moreover, when You performed signs for Joshua in the plain of Gibeon, the sun and moon stood still in their spheres Your people were strengthened by Your Memra, by the strength of Your victorious might. |
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12. With fury You tread the earth; with wrath You trample nations. |
12. When You brought a curse upon the enemies of Your people, when You revealed Yourself to destroy the wicked of the earth, You slew nations in Your anger. |
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13. You went forth to rescue Your people, to rescue Your anointed. You have crushed the head of the house of the wicked, uncovering it from the foundation to the neck-forever. {P} |
13. You revealed Yourself to deliver Your people, to deliver Your anointed; You destroyed kings from before them and princes from their palaces; You drove out the wicked, You destroyed their hosts, the feet of Your people were upon the necks of their enemies, Your Memraendures for ever. |
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14. You pierced the heads of his villages with his war clubs. They storm to scatter me. Their joy was when they could devour a poor one in secret. |
14. You cleft the sea by Moses’ rod, and the mighty men, the captains of Pharaoh's armies who fabricated plots against Your people, You pursued with whirlwinds. You drowned them in the Red Sea because they oppressed and enslaved Your people and gave counsel in secret to destroy them. |
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15. You trampled in the sea with Your steeds, a heap of many waters. |
15. You revealed Yourself upon the sea in Your glorious chariot, in the heap of great waters. |
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16. I heard, and my inward parts trembled; my lips quivered at the sound. Decay entered my bones, and I quaked in my place, that [the time] I would rest is destined for a day of trouble-to bring up a people that will troop back. |
16. Babylon said."I heard and my kings trembled at the judgement with which the Egyptians were judged, at the sound of these words my lips trembled. Jeer took hold of my wise men and 1 trembled in the place where I dwell because He abandoned me to the day of trouble; at the time of bringing up the exiles of His people from me. He will destroy me.” |
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17. For a fig tree shall not blossom; neither is there produce on the vines. The labor of the olive tree shall fail, and the grain field shall not produce food. The flock shall be cut off from the fold, and there shall be no cattle in the stalls. |
17. For the kingdom of Babylon will not endure nor exercise suzerainty over Israel, the kings of Media will be killed, and the warriors from Greece will not prosper; the Romans will be destroyed and will not collect tribute from Jerusalem. |
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18. Yet, I will rejoice in the Lord; I will jubilate in the God of my salvation. |
18. Therefore they will give praise for the sign and deliverance which You will perform for Your anointedOne and for the remnant of Your people who are left, saying, "The prophet said, ‘And I will rejoice in the Memra of the LORD, I will exult in God who brings about my deliverance.’” |
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19. God the Lord is my strength. He made my feet [as swift] as the hind's, and he guides me on my high places. To the conductor [to play] with my melodies! {P} |
19. God the LORD who supports me with strength and makes my feet swift as hinds and makes me stand upon my stronghold, to whom belong victories and mighty deeds, before Him I am playing in my songs of praise. |
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Rashi’s Commentary for: Habakkuk 3:2-10 + 19
1 concerning the errors This may be interpreted according to the Targum. However, according to the apparent meaning, Habakkuk is begging for mercy for himself because he spoke rebelliously: (1:4) “Therefore Torah is slackened,” and (verse 14) “You have made man like the fish of the sea.” He criticized the Divine standard of justice.
2 I heard a report of You that from days of yore You always inflicted retribution upon those who provoked You, yet You tolerate this wicked man.
I feared I said, “How has the Divine standard of justice changed because of Israel’s iniquity?”
Your deed. In the midst of the years Your original deed, that You would wreak vengeance for us upon our enemies in the midst of the years of trouble in which we are found.
revive it Awaken it and restore it.
in the midst of the years And in the midst of these years let it be known.
In anger In the anger that You will vent upon the wicked, You will remember to have mercy.
to have mercy like לְרַחֵם , to have mercy.
You shall remember You shall remember to have mercy on Israel.
3 God The prophet now mentions before God His original deed, which he begs Him to revive - the deed of the love of Israel and the retribution of the first generations: When You came to give the Torah, You went around to Esau and Ishmael, and they did not accept it.
Teman Esau.
Paran Ishmael, as Scripture states (Gen. 21:21): “And he dwelt in the desert of Paran.”
His glory covered the heavens at Sinai for Israel.
4 And there was a brightness on that day.
like the light Like the special light of the seven days of Creation. So did Jonathan render it.
rays The expression of a light, which, when piercing and shining through a hole, appears like protruding horns. Similarly, (Ex. 34:29) “For the skin of his face shone.”
from His hand From the hand of the Holy One, blessed be He, they came to them.
and there was His strength hidden As the Targum renders: There His strength, which had previously been hidden, was revealed in the secret place of the Most High.
5 A pestilence went before Him I found in a Midrash Aggadah: At the time the Holy One, blessed be He, gave the Torah to Israel, He drove away the Angel of Death to divert him to other things, lest he stand to accuse and say, “You are giving the Torah to a nation that is destined to deny you at the end of forty days?”
and sparks went out at His feet Fiery angels came with Him to Sinai.
6 He stood and meted out to the earth He waited to examine minutely the case of the generation of the Flood, to mete out to them a measure for a measure, and He meted it out. “He stood” is to be understood in the sense of (Isa. 3: 13) “The Lord stands to plead, and He stands to judge the peoples.” He waits and examines their case minutely.
and meted out to the earth They sinned with heat, and they were judged with boiling water.
He saw the generation of separation, who, since they were of one language, all came upon the plan, as it is written (Gen. 1 1:1): “And all the earth was of one language.”
and caused nations to wander He caused them to jump into seventy languages as it is said (Lev. 11:21): “To jump with them on the earth,” and (Job 37:1) “My heart trembles and jumps from its place.”
the everlasting mountains The heavenly princes of the nations.
the procedures of the world are His He demonstrated to them that all the procedures of the world are His.
7 Because of iniquity that was found in Israel.
I saw the tents of Cushan standing in the open and inflicting injury upon Israel, and when they humbled themselves before you...
the curtains... quaked All is to be understood according to the Targum.
8 Was... with the rivers? Some questions are in the affirmative. Have we seen that He performed all these? The explanation of the verse is according to the Targum.
Your chariots were salvation for us.
9 Your bow revealed itself Your might was revealed.
the oaths to the tribes The oaths that You swore to the tribes.
perpetual statement A statement that is to last forever. אֽמֶר is vowelized with a “pattah,” [meaning a “seggol”] and the accent is on the first syllable, making it a noun.
You split the earth into rivers According to the Targum.
10 Mountains saw You and quaked The mountains of the streams of Arnon that cleft to one another.
A stream of water passed When they crossed the Jordan, the water was “completely cut off,” and the flow of the stream of water passed downstream; the water “which came down from above stood and rose up.”
The deep gave forth its voice The inhabitants of the land praised Him.
The heaven raised up its thanks The host of the heaven thanked Him.
11 stood in their dwellings in their dwellings. In every word that requires a “lammed” at the beginning - Scripture placed a “he” at the end [meaning “to”]. They explained the phrase as referring to the war of Gibeon, as the Targum paraphrases it.
to the light of Your arrows they go Israel.
12 With fury You tread the earth to drive out the seven nation [the heathens of Canaan].
13 to rescue Your anointed Saul and David.
uncovering it from the foundation The walls of their enemies.
to the neck The height of the walls and the towers.
14 You pierced the heads... with war clubs Sennacherib and his company.
the heads of his villages The heads of his towns and his castles, as in (Deut. 3:5) “The open towns” and (Zech. 2:8) “Jerusalem shall be inhabited without walls.”
they storm Who were storming with a tempest to scatter me. [Sennacherib] was the staff with which you chastised the nations. When he came and stormed to scatter me, You pierced the heads of his troops with his staffs, with which he had come to chastise me.
their joy was when they could...
devour a poor one in secret Israel, known as a poor people.
15 You trampled in the sea You trampled upon [Sennacherib’s] hordes, which were as heavy as the sand by the sea.
a heap of many waters Jonathan renders. upon a heap, an expression of (Exod. 8:10) “many heaps.”
16 I heard, and my inward parts trembled Jonathan rendered. Said Babylon, “I heard, and the kings trembled before the judgment meted out upon the Egyptians.”
my lips quivered at the sound At the sound of the report, trembling took hold of me until my lips knocked one against the other and their sound was heard.
quivered An expression of (Zech. 14:20) “The bells of the horses.” Tentir in O.F., to tinkle.
and I quaked in my place In my place, I quake.
that [the time] I would rest is destined for a day of trouble That this tranquility of mine is destined for a day of trouble.
to bring up a people that will troop back For the day that He said to bring up from there the people that He will cause to troop back, to return with its troops to its land.
17 For a fig tree shall not blossom As the Targum renders. However, the phrase may be interpreted according to its simple meaning: From now on, none of Babylon’s deeds shall succeed.
the grain field a white field.
from the fold a stall for sheep.
18 Yet I the nation of Israel, will rejoice in the Lord.
19.To the conductor [to play] with my melodies To the Levite who conducts the music in the Temple. I will compose for him [the Levites’ conductor] with my melodies, and the Levite[s] will accompany him with musical instruments.
To the conductor As it is stated (Ezra 3:8) “... appointed the Levites from twenty years old and upward to superintend the work of the house of the Lord.”
with my melodies This is an expression of a vocal melody to raise and lower, orgenedors in O.F.
Verbal Tallies
By: H.Em. Rabbi Dr. Hillel ben David
& HH Giberet Dr. Elisheba bat Sarah
The verbal tallies between the Torah and the Ashlamata are:
Remember - זכר, Strong’s number 02142.
Made / to pass / passed by - עבר, Strong’s number 05674.
Earth - ארץ, Strong’s number 0776.
Water - מים, Strong’s number 04325.
The verbal tally between the Torah and the Psalm is:
Return - שוב, Strong’s number 07725.
Beresheet (Genesis) 8:1 And God remembered <02142> (8799) Noah, and every living thing, and all the cattle that was with him in the ark: and God made <05674> <00> a wind to pass <05674> (8686) over the earth <0776>, and the waters <04325> asswaged; 2 The fountains also of the deep and the windows of heaven were stopped, and the rain from heaven was restrained; 3 And the waters returned <07725> (8799) from off the earth <0776> continually: and after the end of the hundred and fifty days the waters were abated.
Tehillim (Psalm) 6:4 Return <07725> (8798), O LORD, deliver my soul: oh save me for thy mercies’ sake.
Habakkuk 3:2 O LORD, I have heard thy speech, and was afraid: O LORD, revive thy work in the midst of the years, in the midst of the years make known; in wrath remember <02142> (8799) mercy.
Habakkuk 3:3 God came from Teman, and the Holy One from mount Paran. Selah. His glory covered the heavens, and the earth <0776> was full of his praise.
Habakkuk 3:10 The mountains saw thee, and they trembled: the overflowing of the water <04325> passed by <05674> (8804): the deep uttered his voice, and lifted up his hands on high.
Hebrew:
|
Hebrew |
English |
Torah Seder Gen 8:1-9:17 |
Psalms Psa 6:1-10 |
Ashlamatah Hab 3:2-10, 19 |
|
@a; |
anger |
Ps 6:1 |
Hab 3:8 |
|
|
#r,a, |
earth |
Gen 8:1 Gen 8:3 |
Hab 3:3 |
|
|
aAB |
came in |
Gen 8:9 |
Hab 3:3 |
|
|
rh; |
mountains |
Gen 8:4 |
Hab 3:3 |
|
|
rk;z" |
remember |
Gen 8:1 |
Hab 3:2 |
|
|
lWx |
stayed |
Gen 8:10 |
Hab 3:10 |
|
|
dy" |
hand |
Gen 8:9 |
Hab 3:4 |
|
|
[dy |
knew |
Gen 8:11 |
Hab 3:2 |
|
|
hw"hoy> |
LORD |
Gen 8:20 |
Ps 6:1 |
Hab 3:2 |
|
~y" |
sea |
Gen 9:2 |
Hab 3:8 |
|
|
ac'y" |
went forth |
Gen 8:7 |
Hab 3:5 |
|
|
lyIl; |
night |
Gen 8:22 |
Ps 6:6 |
|
|
xq;l' |
took |
Gen 8:9 |
Ps 6:9 |
|
|
~yIm; |
waters |
Gen 8:1 |
Hab 3:10 |
|
|
alem' |
replenish |
Gen 9:1 |
Hab 3:3 |
|
|
hn"ygIn> |
Neginoth |
Ps 6:1 |
Hab 3:19 |
|
|
vp,n< |
life, lives |
Gen 9:4 |
Ps 6:3 |
|
|
xc;n" |
musician |
Ps 6:1 |
Hab 3:19 |
|
|
!t;n" |
delivered |
Gen 9:2 |
Hab 3:10 |
|
|
rWs |
remove |
Gen 8:13 |
Ps 6:8 |
|
|
rb;[' |
pass, made |
Gen 8:1 |
Hab 3:10 |
|
|
~l'A[ |
perpetual, everlasting |
Gen 9:12 |
Hab 3:6 |
|
|
~ynIP' |
face, before |
Gen 8:8 |
Hab 3:5 |
|
|
lAq |
voice |
Ps 6:8 |
Hab 3:10 |
|
|
tv,q, |
bow |
Gen 9:13 |
Hab 3:9 |
|
|
ha'r' |
seen |
Gen 8:5 |
Hab 3:6 |
|
|
lg<r, |
foot |
Gen 8:9 |
Hab 3:5 |
|
|
bWv |
returned |
Gen 8:3 |
Ps 6:4 |
|
|
~yIm;v' |
heaven |
Gen 8:2 |
Hab 3:3 |
|
|
[m;v' |
heard, listen to |
Ps 6:8 |
Hab 3:2 |
|
|
hnEv' |
year |
Gen 8:13 |
Hab 3:2 |
|
|
~AhT. |
deep |
Gen 8:2 |
Hab 3:10 |
Greek
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Greek
|
English
|
Torah Seder
Gen 8:1-9:17 |
Psalms
Ps 6:1-10 |
Ashlamatah
Hab 3:2-10, 19 |
Peshat Mk/Jude/Pet Mk 1:14-15 |
Remes 1 Luke Lu 4:14-15 |
Remes 2 Acts/Romans Acts 2:14-40 |
|
ἅγιον |
holy |
Hab 3:3 |
Act 2:33 |
||||
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ἀδελφός |
brothers, brethren |
Gen 9:5 |
Act 2:29 |
||||
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ᾅδης |
Hades |
Psa 6:5 |
Act 2:27 |
||||
|
αἷμα |
blood |
Gen 9:4 |
Act 2:19 |
||||
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ἀκούω |
heard, listened to |
Psa 6:9 |
Act 2:22 |
||||
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ἀναβαίνω |
ascend |
Hab 3:8 |
Act 2:34 |
||||
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ἀνίστημι |
raise up |
Gen 9:9 |
Act 2:24 |
||||
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γενεά |
generation |
Gen 9:12 |
Act 2:40 |
||||
|
γῆ |
earth |
Gen 8:1 Gen 8:3 |
Hab 3:3 |
Act 2:19 |
|||
|
γινώσκω |
know, |
Gen 8:11 |
Hab 3:2 |
Act 2:36 |
|||
|
γυνή |
wives |
Gen 8:16 |
|||||
|
δίδωμι |
give, gave out, execute |
Gen 9:2 |
Hab 3:10 |
Act 2:19 |
|||
|
δύναμις |
power |
Hab 3:19 |
Luk 4:14 |
Act 2:22 |
|||
|
εἴδω |
beheld, saw |
Gen 8:6 |
Hab 3:7 |
Act 2:22 |
|||
|
ἐκχέω / ἐκχύνω |
shedding, pour out |
Gen 9:6 |
Act 2:17 |
||||
|
ἐξέρχομαι |
went forth |
Gen 8:7 |
Hab 3:5 |
Luk 4:14 |
|||
|
ἔπω |
said, speak say |
Gen 8:15 |
Act 2:29 |
||||
|
ἔρχομαι |
come, |
Mar 1:14 |
Act 2:20 |
||||
|
ἐχθρός |
enemies |
Psa 6:7 |
Act 2:35 |
||||
|
ζωή |
life |
Gen 8:13 |
Act 2:28 |
||||
|
ἡμέρα |
day |
Gen 8:3 |
Act 2:15 |
||||
|
θάνατος |
death |
Psa 6:5 |
Act 2:24 |
||||
|
θεός |
GOD |
Gen 8:1 |
Hab 3:3 |
Mar 1:14 |
Act 2:17 |
||
|
ἵστημι |
stand, establish |
Gen 6:18 |
Hab 3:6 |
Act 2:14 |
|||
|
καθίζω |
settled, sit |
Gen 8:4 |
Act 2:30 |
||||
|
καιρός |
time |
Hab 3:2 |
Mar 1:15 |
||||
|
κύριος |
LORD |
Gen 8:15 |
Psa 6:2 |
Hab 3:2 |
Act 2:20 |
||
|
λαμβάνω |
take |
Gen 8:9 |
Act 2:23 |
||||
|
λέγω |
speak, say |
Gen 8:15 |
Hab 3:9 |
Mar 1:15 |
Act 2:17 |
||
|
λόγος |
words |
Hab 3:5 |
Act 2:22 |
||||
|
μέσος |
middle, |
Hab 3:2 |
Act 2:22 |
||||
|
μετανοέω |
repent |
Mar 1:15 |
Act 2:38 |
||||
|
ὁδός |
way, journey |
Hab 3:6 |
Act 2:28 |
||||
|
ὄνομα |
name |
Act 2:21 |
|||||
|
ὁράω |
see, appeared |
Gen 8:5 |
Act 2:17 |
||||
|
οὐρανός |
heaven |
Gen 8:2 |
Hab 3:3 |
Act 2:19 |
|||
|
πᾶς |
every, each, all |
Gen 8:1 |
Psa 6:7 |
Luk 4:15 |
Act 2:17 |
||
|
περί |
concerning |
Luk 4:14 |
Act 2:29 |
||||
|
πληρόω |
fill, fulfill |
Gen 9:1 |
Mar 1:15 |
Act 2:28 |
|||
|
πνεῦμα |
breath, spirit |
Gen 8:1 |
Luk 4:14 |
Act 2:18 |
|||
|
ποιέω |
made, did |
Gen 8:6 |
Act 2:22 |
||||
|
πούς |
feet |
Gen 8:9 |
Hab 3:6 |
Act 2:35 |
|||
|
πρόσωπον |
countenance |
Gen 8:9 |
Act 2:28 |
||||
|
σαλεύω |
shaken |
Hab 3:6 |
Act 2:25 |
||||
|
σάρξ |
flesh |
Gen 8:17 |
Act 2:17 |
||||
|
σημεῖον |
signs |
Gen 9:12 |
Act 2:19 |
||||
|
σώζω |
delivered |
Psa 6:4 |
Act 2:21 |
||||
|
υἱός |
sons |
Gen 8:16 |
Act 2:17 |
||||
|
φωνή |
voice |
Psa 6:8 |
Hab 3:10 |
Act 2:14 |
|||
|
χείρ |
hands |
Gen 8:9 |
Hab 3:4 |
Act 2:23 |
|||
|
ψυχή |
soul |
Gen 9:4 |
Psa 6:3 |
Hab 3:2 |
Act 2:27 |
|
NAZAREAN TALMUD Sidra Of B’ resheet (Genesis) 8:1 – 9:17 “Vayzkhor Elohim Et Noach” “And God remembered Noah” By: H. Em Rabbi Dr. Eliyahu ben Abraham & H. Em. Hakham Dr. Yosef ben Haggai
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School of Hakham Shaul Tosefta (Luke 4:14-15) Mishnah א
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School of Hakham Tsefet Peshat (Mark 1:14-15) Mishnah א |
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And Yeshua returned in the power (dynamic – expansive force) of the Ruach [HaKodesh] into the Galil: and his notoriety went out through the entire region round about. And he taught in the synagogues of that region, being honored of all. |
Now after Yochanan (John) was arrested and put in prison, Yeshua came into the Galil, proclaiming the Mesorah (good news - the Masorot – the Traditions) of the kingdom (governance) of G-d through the Hakhamim and Bate Din as opposed to human kings, And saying, The appointed period of time is fulfilled (completed), and the kingdom (governance) of God through Hakhamim and Bate Din is at hand; repent (have a change of mind and return to Torah wisdom) and faithfully obey the Masorah (Traditions/Oral Law).
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School of Hakham Shaul Remes (2 Luqas 2:14-40) Pereq א
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א But Hakham Tsefet standing with the eleven sh’lachim (apostles) and raising his voice, addressed them, Noblemen, Jews, and those staying in Yerushalayim, let it be known to you, and listen to my words. "For these men are not drunk, as you suppose, for it is only the third hour[31] of the day; but this is what was spoken of through the prophet Yoel: “And it will come to pass afterward, that I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and your daughters will prophesy, your old men will dream dreams, your young men will see visions: And also upon the servants and upon the handmaids in those days will I pour out my spirit. And I will show wonders in the heavens and in the earth, blood, and fire, and pillars of smoke. The sun will be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and the terrible day of the LORD comes. And it will come to pass, that whosoever will call on the name of the LORD will be delivered: for in mount Tzion and in Yerushalayim will be deliverance, as the LORD has said, and in the remnant who the LORD will call. (Yoel 2:28-32)
ב "Men of Israel, listen to these words: Yeshua the Nazarene (from Tzfat the city of Branches), a man confirmed to you by God with miracles and wonders and signs which God performed through him in your midst, just as you yourselves know, this man (Yeshua), delivered over by the predetermined plan and foreknowledge of God, you nailed to a cross by the hands of lawless[32] men and put Him to death. "But, God raised him up, freeing him from the agony of death, since it was impossible for Him to be held by its power.” For (King) David says of him, “I have set the LORD always before me: because he is at my right hand, I will not be moved. Therefore, my heart is glad, and my glory rejoices: my flesh also will rest in hope. For You will not leave my soul in hell; neither will You suffer Your Holy One to see corruption. You will show me the path of life: in your presence is fullness of joy; at Your right hand are pleasures for evermore.” (Psa 16:8-11)
"Fellow Israelites, I may confidently say to you regarding the patriarch David that he both died and was buried, and his tomb is with us to this day. Therefore, (King David) being a prophet, and knowing that God had sworn with an oath to him, that of the fruit of his loins, according to the flesh, he would raise up Messiah to sit on his (King David’s) throne; He seeing this before spoke of the resurrection of Messiah, that his soul was not left in the grave, neither his flesh did see decay. This Yeshua has God raised up, and we are all witnesses. Therefore, by being lifted up to the right [hand] of God, and having received the promise of the Ruach HaKodesh (Holy Spirit) from the Father, he has poured this out, which you now see and hear. For David has not ascended into the heavens, but he says himself, "LORD said to my master, Sit at My right hand until I place Your enemies as your footstool.” (Psa 110:1) Therefore, let all the house of Israel know unquestionably that God made this same Yeshua, whom you crucified, both (our) master and Messiah. And hearing this, they were cut in the heart (emotionally moved),[33] and said to Hakham Tsefet and to the other sh’lachim (apostles), Men, brothers, what shall we do? Then Hakham Tsefet said to them, do Teshubah and be immersed, every one of you, in the authority of Yeshua HaMashiach to forgiveness of sins, and you will receive the gift of the Ruach HaKodesh (the holy breath - Mesorah). For the promise is to you and to your children, and to all those afar off, as many as the LORD our God will call. And with many other words he earnestly testified and exhorted, saying, Be saved from this corrupt generation.[34] |
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Nazarean Codicil to be read in conjunction with the following Torah Seder
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Gen. 8:1– 9:17 |
Psalms 6:1-11 |
Habakkuk 3:2-10 + 19 |
Mark 1:14-15 |
Luke 4:14-15 |
2 Luqas 2:14-40 |
Commentary to Hakham Tsefet’s School of Peshat
m. Meg. 1:8 There is no difference between sacred scrolls and phylacteries and mezuzot except that sacred scrolls may be written in any alphabet [“language”], while phylacteries and mezuzot are written only in square [“Assyrian”] letters. Rabban Simeon b. Gamaliel says, “Also: in the case of sacred scrolls: they have been permitted to be written only in Greek.” [35]
It is Greek to me
From time to time, we see that the Greek language is useful in being able to determine the context of a phrase. While there are those who would rather study Hebrew without ever having to delve into Greek, it is not plausible to hold such a mindset. Greek has its place in the ancient history of Eretz Yisrael. Furthermore, Greek has its place and influence on Hebrew. The language of Mishnaic and Talmudic Aramaic contains Greek loan words and influence. While we are NOT trying to suggest that the Greek language is superior to Hebrew, we are saying that it has its place in the life of Torah elucidation. G-d most certainly, allowed the Torah to be translated into Greek. While we have never seen a Greek Torah Scroll, the Mishnah clearly teaches that a Torah Scroll written in Greek is permissible.
At Hand
The [appointed period of] time is fulfilled (completed), and the kingdom (governance) of God [through Hakhamim and Bate Din] is at hand;
This phrase has been interpreted as a temporal reference rather than a spatial allusion. So, how are we to understand the phrase “the Governance (Kingdom) of G-d is at hand?”
και λεγων οτι πεπληρωται ο καιρος και ηγγικεν η βασιλεια του θεου μετανοειτε και πιστευετε εν τω ευαγγελιω
(kai legōn oti peplērōtai o kairos kai ēggiken ē basileia tou theou metanoeite kai pisteuete en tō euaggeliō)
The Greek word ἐγγίζω (eggizō)[36] is used to give us information about the Governance of G-d. There are a number of ways that this phrase is translated such as, “at hand” and “come near.” Therefore, we ask questions of the phrase to determine its true meaning.
The LXX is a great tool for researching Greek words used in the Nazarean Codicil back to the Hebrew origins. However, The LXX and Nazarean Codicil do not match in all cases. This is because the Greek of the LXX is “supposed” to be Classical Greek. In truth, the LXX is NOT classical Greek. Anyone who is schooled in Classical Greek will tell you immediately that the LXX is host to a great number of “grammatical errors.” These supposed “grammatical errors” are not actually errors. The “errors” are the way “classical” Greek is translated into Hebrew. When any development, classical and Koine Greek tries to translate Hebrew, it must abandon Greek Grammar. WE will not delve into this problem any further now. We have presented this information so the readers will understand the difficulties of using Greek as a tool to interpret the Nazarean Codicil.
Use of cross-linguistic[37] hermeneutic principles[38] will help us determine the meaning of word contained in the Tanakh. Because the Hebrew Tanakh has been translated to Greek in the LXX, we have a dictionary of possible Hebrew/Greek parallels. In other words, we see that a specific Hebrew word has a number of Greek words used by the translators to translate Hebrew words or phrases. Furthermore, the reverse is equally applicable. We can look at Greek words used in the Nazarean Codicil and see which Hebrew words that they parallel. Of all the possible Hebrew parallels to the Greek word ἐγγίζω (eggizō) the Hebrew word that best fits is קָרַב qāraḇ.[39] Now that we have a Hebrew parallel, we can look at the Tanakh and better determine the idea that would have been conveyed in the Mishnaic Hebrew of the First Century.[40] The Hebrew parallel to the Greek word ἐγγίζω (eggizō) is found in Yesha’yahu 8:3.
Yesha’yahu 8:3 And I went to the prophetess. And she conceived and bore a son. The Lord said to me, Call his name Maher-shalal-hash-baz “Make Haste to Plunder.”
Seeing the spatial locus needed for conception, we can now understand the reference to the Governance of G-d being “at hand.”[41] The “Governance of G-d” “at hand” means that the Governance is already intimately woven into the fabric of Judaism. Therefore, Yeshua was not saying the “Governance of G-d” is coming. His statement tells us that the Governance of G-d through Bate Din always was and always will be an essential part of Judaism whether by Hakhamim or by Priests and Kings.
Peroration
The temporal context of the passage in question needs clarification.
The [appointed period of] time is fulfilled (completed), and the kingdom (governance) of God [through Hakhamim and Bate Din] is at hand;
The Greek word for time used here is καιρός kairos. The best possible parallel for καιρός kairos is מוֹעֵד moed “appointed time.” While the “governance of God [through Hakhamim and Bate Din]” has always been an essential element in Judaism, it would now take the dominate role in the B’ne Yisrael’s legal structure.
From Hillel’s first rule Ḳal va-ḥomer we can derive the halakhic principle that if the Mesorah of the Master as he received it from Hillel was an essential part of Jewish life in the first century, how much more should we find relevance in the evening of our present diaspora? [42]
Remes Commentary to Hakham Shaul
“Into the Galil”
France writes, “But he remains in the north, and for most of the time within Galilee proper;.[43]” We have noted that the place of Yeshua’s development in ministry was most likely Tzfat. This argument is strengthened by the understanding that Yeshua spent the dominate portion of his ministry years near Tzfat and the northern end of the Galil.
The Davidic homily of Hakham Tsefet 2 Luqas 2:14-40, fits with the semi-festival of Lag B’Omer, now past. Likewise, the homily is intended to be an explication of how Yeshua’s life parallels Noach’s. We must remember that the name “Noach” means rest and peace. The name Noach is found in a family of words, which is one of the names attributed to Messiah by the Rabbis. In keeping with the “Branch” of Davidic lineage, the Rabbis said the following…
b. San 98b Rab said: The world was created only on David's account.[44] Samuel said: On Moses account; [45] R. Johanan said: For the sake of the Messiah. What is his [the Messiah's] name? The School of R. Shila said: His name is Shiloh, for it is written, until Shiloh come.[46] The School of R. Yannai said: His name is Yinnon, for it is written, His name shall endure forever:[47] e'er the sun was, his name is Yinnon.[48] The School of R. Haninah maintained: His name is Haninah, as it is written, Where I will not give you Haninah.[49] Others say: His name is Menahem the son of Hezekiah, for it is written, Because Menahem [the comforter], that would relieve my soul, is far.[50] The Rabbis said: His name is the leper scholar, as it is written, Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: yet we did esteem him a leper, smitten of God, and afflicted.[51]
Each school had their name for Messiah. Each name depicted a characteristic that Messiah would possess as can be seen from the Gemara. The name “Menaḥem,” meaning comforter or rest is derived from the same root as Noach. Just as Noach brought “rest” from the injustices of humanity, Messiah will bring “rest,” comfort to the soul through the right interpretation of the Torah.
Thinking in Remes
In this week’s commentaries, we also find a hermeneutic principle worth mentioning.
“However, since Rashi in various places closely examines Midrashic interpretation (while writing in Peshat),[52] and nevertheless makes an effort to explain the plain meaning of the verse, he has granted us permission to do so as well, for there are seventy facets to the Torah, and there are many divergent Midrashim found in the words of the Sages.”[53]
While writing in Peshat/Remes, we can consult Midrashim so long as the explication remains faithful to the genre of our commentary. Therefore, we can determine that we are able to draw information from the various Hermeneutic genres so long as we remain faithful to the category we are working in.
The two great masters of Remes are the Ramban and Philo. The Ramban speaks strictly from a Hebrew speaking perspective, whereas Philo builds on the allegory based on Alexandrian Judaism and the LXX, which we have discussed already. These two great masters of Remes teach us to think “outside the box,” so to speak. However, this week we need to think “inside the box (Ark).”
We begin with two questions, firstly, what is Hakham Shaul trying to say? And, secondly, what’s (Hebrew mah) inside the box (Ark) worth investigating? There are two key elements to the homily of Hakham Tsefet as recorded by Hakham Shaul in 2 Luqas. The first if the resurrection of the Master and the second is ascension of the Master. Which brings about another question? Does the present text give us a hint to these events?
Mah means what–er
Key elements of the present Torah Seder are Water, Earth, animals, the Ark and Noach.
The earth is flooded with mayim. The root for the Hebrew word mayim is the Hebrew word “mah” which means “what.” It is interesting to note that the word “water” in many languages contains the idea of question. For example, the Latin word for water is “aqua.” The Spanish word for “what” is “que.” As is seen the idea of water in Spanish contains a question.
Philo’s allegory sees the mabbul (flood) as an immersion of the earth. This is of special interest when we realize that we have recently read of the immersion and elevation of the master. Consequently, we should interpret the mabbul as an elevation of the earth from one status of holiness to another. The earth needed rest (Noach-Menachem) from the corruption of/by the flesh.[54] Noach was a man of peace (Shalom). His son Shem (MalkiTzedek) was the King of Shalom[55] and prototypical of the Priesthood of the firstborn.
Pot 1:170 At all events, when the Creator determined to purify the earth by means of water, and that the soul should receive purification of all its unspeakable offenses, having washed off and effaced its pollutions after the fashion of a holy purification (the mikveh).
Philo equates the mabbul (flood) with the mikveh. The earth (body) is washed and the soul (mind) is elevated. The body is the external shell (Ark), which carries the soul of man. The earth’s submersion in the waters of the “windows” of the heavens brings a light into the soul, “Heb. צֽהַר, lit. light. Some say [that it was] a window, and some say [that it was] a precious stone, which gave them light.-[Gen. Rabbah 31:11].”[56]
The upper stories of the Ark represent the upper portions of man’s body. Specifically, the “head” which is to be filled with light, Hebrew צֽהַר.
Philo’s point is that when we question our status we work towards the soul’s elevation. The Ark is a picture of Adam Kadmon (prototype Adam). His body was on the earth but his mind was in the heavens. The body (earth) was covered with water (mayim) but man’s head was in Shamayim – the heavens “where there is water.” Philo sees the mabbul as an allegory for the mikveh. The waters of the mabbul covered the highest mountains (seat of man’s personal government) – i.e. his mind (head).
Man submerged in the water of the mikveh, like the generation of mabbul, cannot survive. Therefore, the mikveh is a picture of the resurrection. As noted above the homily of Hakham Tsefet was about the resurrection and ascension of Yeshua. In the previous test of the master in the wilderness we learned that “man cannot live by bread alone” as stated in D’varim 8:3
Deu 8:3 And He humbled you and allowed you to hunger, and then He fed you with manna (man – mah), which you did not know, neither did your fathers know it, so that He might make you know that man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word (breath) that comes out of the mouth of Lord man shall live.
In other words, the wilderness is a place of question. The bread from the heavens (man – manna) is a question. Humanity cannot be taken out of his environment. He must have water (question). But, questions must have answers. Too much question brings mental exhaustion rather than hope. Too many questions bring doubt. The correct balance brings life and stability. All question (water) and no breath drowns the soul. However, the box – earth – Ark contained wild animals.[57] It also contained tame (kosher) animals. Herein are the Yetser HaRa and the Yetser HaTov. From this allegory, we learn that man must master his passions. If man does not master his passions, it will bring destruction to the earth. Mastery of the soul is resolved by question, answer and the mastery of passion.
Gen 6:14 Make an ark of gopher (Cyprus) timbers. You will make rooms in the ark. And you will pitch (atone for) it inside and outside with pitch (atonement).
Pitch – Heb. V’Kafarta – atonement is the comfort (Menaḥem) of the soul. It is also the strengthening of the soul. When the soul is atoned for, it is strengthened against the extraneous thoughts, which would capture the soul and lead it astray.
Rashi and the Ramban on the flood waters[58]
As can be seen from the chart above the Ramban’s initial observations end the days of rain on Nisan the 17th with the Ark landing on Iyar the 17th. The Ramban also posits another scenario end the 150 days of rain on Nisan the 17th and landing the Ark on Nisan the 17th. In the first scenario, we see the relation to the homily of Hakham Tsefet in 2 Luqas 2:14 – 40. Yeshua’s resurrection occurred on Nisan the 17th. The ascension occurred the day after the landing of the Ark on the mountains of Ararat. The first scenario posited by the Ramban would give us the Remes hint of Yeshua’s resurrection and ascension. The second setting would focus strictly on the resurrection of the master. We can see from the table above the importance of the months Nisan (for the resurrection), Iyar (for the ascension and ordination of the talmidim) and Kislev, which hosts the festival of Hanukah, and also related to ordination.
The Ascension
We have posited that Yeshua ascended after ordaining his talmidim in Tzfat on Lag B’Omer.[59] However, we have a passage in Luqas, which seems to contradict the idea that Yeshua ascended from Tzfat. Before we address the Luqas passages we need to look at a few small details that will help us understand the ascension.
2 Luqas (Acts) 1:1 – 2 In the first account I made O Theophilus, I constructed [a narrative] concerning all the work[60] that Yeshua did and taught from the beginning[61] until the day he was taken up (into the heavens) after giving his Oral Torah[62] through the spirit of prophecy to his chosen emissaries [commissioning them as Hakhamim].
The implication of the verse teaches us that Yeshua commissioned (ordained as Hakhamim) his talmidim before departing into the heavens.
2 Luqas (Acts) 1:4 And staying with them and commanded them not to leave Yerushalayim, but to wait for what the Father proclaimed, which you heard from me (Yeshua);
This verse tells us that the talmidim are not to leave Yerushalayim after they have returned. It does not suggest that they are IN Yerushalayim at the time of the commission.
2 Luqas (Acts) 1:8 But, you will receive (dynamic explosive) power when the Ruach HaKodesh has come upon (clothes) you. And you will be my witnesses in Yerushalayim and in all Y’hudah and Shomron and to the ends of the earth.”[63]
Note that the dynamic explosive power of G-d will be transferred to the talmidim making them Hakhamim AND THEN they will go to Yerushalayim to begin their testimony as witnesses of the Messiah.
How do we know it was Tzfat and Lag B’Omer?
Mordechai (Mk) 16:7 But go and say to his talmidim (disciples) and to Tsefet (the capital of the Pillar), 'He goes before you into the Galil. You will see him there just as he told you'."
Mat 28:16-20 Then the eleven talmidim went away into Galil, into a mountain (Tzfat) where Yeshua had appointed them (Ordained them as Hakhamim). And when they saw him, they honored him (as their Hakham): but some (of those from the community) doubted. And Yeshua came and spake unto them, saying, All authority is given unto me in heaven and in earth (as Messiah the King). Go ye therefore, and teach (talmudize) all nations, immersing them (bringing them to conversion) by the authority of the Father, and of the (His) son (Messiah), and of the Ruach HaKodesh (Oral Torah): Teaching them to observe all commandments (the mitzvoth as I have taught) you: and, behold, I am always with you, even unto the end of the age.
There is a mountain north of the Galil called Hermon. However, “Hermon” is not considered a part of the Galil proper. Mount Hermon is the boarder of Transjordan i.e., of the territory of the Amorite kings conquered by Israel (Deut. 3:8; Josh. 12:1).[64] Mount Hermon was the site of many pagan cults and cultic rituals.[65] This in and of its self would most likely disqualify the site as a place of ordination and ascension.
This leaves the “holy mountain” of Tzfat (the City of Branches) as the most likely spot for the ascension and ordination.
Mordechai (Mark) 16:15-20 And he said to them, "Go to the entire world and proclaim my Mesorah everywhere. Whoever commits himself to immersion (conversion) will live, and whoever does not commit is condemned.” But these signs will accompany the faithfully obedient: by my authority they will cast out demons, they will speak in new languages,[66] they will elevate serpents (Hakhamim). And if they drink anything deadly they will not be hurt; they (the Hakhamim) will press their hands on the weak and will be praiseworthy.[67]
So when the master (Yeshua) had finished speaking to them (the talmidim) Yeshua was taken up into the heavens and sat at God’s right [hand]. And they (Yeshua’s talmidim) went out proclaiming the [Mesorah of the Master] everywhere while the LORD worked with them and established the Mesorah by signs that accompanied (them).
They will “elevate” cause Hakhamim to stand.[68] As we have been taught by His Eminence Rabbi Dr. Yosef ben Haggai, Yeshua’s talmidim must first be “ordained” before they can ordain (elevate) others. The following passage from Luqas is usually translated in the following manner…
Luk 24:50-51 And He led them out as far as Bethany. And lifting up His hands, He blessed them. And it happened as He blessed them, He withdrew from them and was carried up into Heaven.
After having thoroughly researched the codices, we have translated the verse as follows.
Luqas 24:50-51 And he (Yeshua) led them (his talmidim) out towards Bethphage, and he lifted his hands to invoke their ordination. 51 And now it happened, when he (Yeshua) had finished with their ordination he departed from them and he was carried into the heavens.
Peroration
We realize that all the information packed into these final pages is more than confusing. Following what we have learned as a hermeneutic above, “in the Torah there is no before and after.” [69] We must deduce from this Gezerah Shavah[70] that the same must be true of the Nazarean Codicil. Therefore, we have removed the “chapter and verse” notations and complied a chronological passage of these events as best as possible.
But go and say to his talmidim (disciples) and to Tsefet (the capital of the Pillar), 'he (the master) goes before you (leads you) into the Galil. And he (Yeshua) led them (his talmidim) out towards Bethphage, “You will see him there just as he told you." Then the eleven talmidim went away into Galil, into a mountain (Tzfat) where Yeshua had appointed them (Ordained them as Hakhamim). And he (Yeshua) lifted his hands to invoke their ordination. And when they saw him, they honored him (as their Hakham): but some (of those from the community) doubted. And Yeshua came and spake unto them, (his talmidim) saying, All authority is given unto me in heaven and in earth (as Messiah the King). Go ye therefore, and teach (talmudize) all nations, immersing them (bringing them to conversion) by the authority of the Father, and of the (His) son (Messiah), and of the Ruach HaKodesh (Oral Torah): Teaching them to observe all commandments (the mitzvoth as I have taught) you: and, behold, I am always with you, even unto the end of the age. And he said to them, "Go to the entire world and proclaim my Mesorah everywhere. Whoever commits himself to immersion (conversion) will live, and whoever does not commit is condemned.” But these signs will accompany the faithfully obedient: by my authority they will cast out demons, they will speak in new languages, they will elevate serpents (Hakhamim). And if they drink anything deadly they will not be hurt; they (the Hakhamim) will press their hands on the weak and make them praiseworthy.[71] And now it happened, when the master (Yeshua) had finished speaking (blessing) them (the talmidim – invoking their ordination), he departed from them and he was carried into the heavens. Yeshua was taken up into the heavens and sat at God’s right [hand]. And they (Yeshua’s talmidim) went out proclaiming the [Mesorah of the Master] everywhere while the LORD worked with them and established the Mesorah by signs that accompanied (them).
Amen v’amen
Questions for Understanding and Reflection
- From all the readings for this Shabbat which verse or verses impressed your heart and fired your imagination?
- What question/s (no more than two questions) about the Torah Seder for this Shabbat arose for which Hakham Tsefet’s Mishnah provides an adequate answer/s?
- Taking into consideration all the readings for this Shabbat what is the prophetic statement for this week?
Blessing After Torah Study
Barúch Atáh Adonai, Elohénu Meléch HaOlám,
Ashér Natán Lánu Torát Emét, V'Chayéi Olám Natá B'Tochénu.
Barúch Atáh Adonái, Notén HaToráh. Amen!
Blessed is Ha-Shem our God, King of the universe,
Who has given us a teaching of truth, implanting within us eternal life.
Blessed is Ha-Shem, Giver of the Torah. Amen!
“Now unto Him who is able to preserve you faultless, and spotless, and to establish you without a blemish,
before His majesty, with joy, [namely,] the only one God, our Deliverer, by means of Yeshua the Messiah our Master, be praise, and dominion, and honor, and majesty, both now and in all ages. Amen!”
Next Sabbath: “Vay’hyu B’ne Noach” & “Vay’hi Kol HaAretz”
“And were the sons of Noah” & “And was all the earth”
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Mevar’chim Rosh Chodesh Kislev
Proclamation of the New Moon for the month of Kislev
(Wednesday Evening November the 11th – Friday Evening November 13)
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Shabbat |
Torah Reading: |
Weekday Torah Reading: |
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וַיִּהְיוּ בְנֵי-נֹחַ וַיְהִי כָל-הָאָרֶץ |
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Vay’hyu B’ne Noach “Vay’hi Kol HaAretz” |
Reader 1 – B’resheet 9:18-29 |
Reader 1 – B’resheet 12:1-3 |
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“And were the sons of Noah” “And was all the earth” |
Reader 2 – B’resheet 10:1-14 |
Reader 2 – B’resheet 12:4-6 |
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“Y fueron los hijos de Noé” “Era entonces toda la tierra” |
Reader 3 – B’resheet 10:15-24 |
Reader 3 – B’resheet 12:7-9 |
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B’resheet (Gen.) Gen. 9:18 – 10:32 B’resheet (Gen.) Gen. 11:1-32 |
Reader 4 – B’resheet 10:25-32 |
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Ashlamatah: Isaiah 49:9-17 + 23 & Zeph. 3:9-17. 20 |
Reader 5 – B’resheet 11:1-9 |
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Special: Isaiah 66:1,24 |
Reader 6 – B’resheet 11:10-21 |
Reader 1 – B’resheet 12:1-3 |
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Psalms 7:1-18 + 8:1-10 |
Reader 7 – B’resheet 11:22-25 |
Reader 2 – B’resheet 12:4-6 |
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Maftir – B’resheet 11:26-32 |
Reader 3 – B’resheet 12:7-9 |
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N.C.: Mark 1:16-20 + 1:21-22 Luke 5:1-11 + Luke 4:31-32 & Acts 2:41-47 + 3:1-10 |
Isaiah 49:9-17 + 23 Isaiah 66:1,24 |
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Shabbat Shalom!
Hakham Dr. Yosef ben Haggai
Rabbi Dr. Hillel ben David
Rabbi Dr. Eliyahu ben Abraham