|
Esnoga Bet Emunah 12210 Luckey Summit San Antonio, TX 78252 United States of America © 2022 E-Mail: gkilli@aol.com |
|
Esnoga Bet El 102 Broken Arrow Dr. Paris TN 38242 United States of America © 2022 E-Mail:waltoakley@charter.net |
Triennial Cycle (Triennial Torah Cycle) / Septennial Cycle (Septennial Torah Cycle)
|
Three and 1/2 year Lectionary Readings |
Third Year of the Triennial Reading Cycle |
|
Tammuz 17, 5782 / July 15,16 2022 |
Seventh Year of the Shmita Cycle |
Candle Lighting and Habdalah Times: https://www.chabad.org/calendar/candlelighting.htm
Roll of Honor:
This Commentary comes out weekly and on the festivals thanks to the great generosity of:
His Eminence Rabbi Dr. Hillel ben David and beloved wife HH Giberet Batsheva bat Sarah
His Eminence Rabbi Dr. Eliyahu ben Abraham and beloved wife HH Giberet Dr. Elisheba bat Sarah
His Honor Paqid Adon David ben Abraham
His Honor Paqid Adon Ezra ben Abraham and beloved wife HH Giberet Karmela bat Sarah
His Excellency Adon Luqas Nelson
His Honor Paqid Adon Tsuriel ben Abraham and beloved wife HH Giberet Gibora bat Sarah
Her Excellency Giberet Sarai bat Sarah & beloved family
His Excellency Adon Barth Lindemann & beloved family
His Excellency Adon John Batchelor & beloved wife
Her Excellency Giberet Leah bat Sarah & beloved mother
His Excellency Adon Yehoshua ben Abraham and beloved wife HE Giberet Rut bat Sarah
His Excellency Adon Michael ben Yosef and beloved wife HE Giberet Sheba bat Sarah
Her Excellency Giberet Prof. Dr. Emunah bat Sarah & beloved family
His Excellency Adon Robert Dick & beloved wife HE Giberet Cobena Dick
His Excellency Adon Aviner ben Abraham and beloved wife HE Giberet Chagit bat Sarah
His Excellency Adon Ovadya ben Abraham and beloved wife HE Giberet Mirit bat Sarah
His Excellency Adon Brad Gaskill and beloved wife Cynthia Gaskill
His Excellency Adon Shlomoh ben Abraham
His Excellency Adon Ya’aqob ben David
For their regular and sacrificial giving, providing the best oil for the lamps, we pray that GOD’s richest blessings be upon their lives and those of their loved ones, together with all Yisrael and her Torah Scholars, amen ve amen!
Also, a great thank you and great blessings be upon all who send comments to the list about the contents and commentary of the weekly Torah Seder and allied topics.
If you want to subscribe to our list and ensure that you never lose any of our commentaries, or would like your friends also to receive this commentary, please do send me an E-Mail to chozenppl@gmail.com with your E-Mail or the E-Mail addresses of your friends. Toda Rabba!
Blessing Before Torah Study
Blessed are You, Ha-Shem our G-d, King of the universe, Who has sanctified us through Your commandments, and commanded us to actively study Torah. Amen!
Please Ha-Shem, our G-d, sweeten the words of Your Torah in our mouths and in the mouths of all Your people Israel. May we and our offspring, and our offspring's offspring, and all the offspring of Your people, the House of Israel, may we all, together, know Your Name and study Your Torah for the sake of fulfilling Your delight. Blessed are You, Ha-Shem, Who teaches Torah to His people Israel. Amen!
Blessed are You, Ha-Shem our G-d, King of the universe, Who chose us from all the nations, and gave us the Torah. Blessed are You, Ha-Shem, Giver of the Torah. Amen!
Ha-Shem spoke to Moses, explaining a Commandment. "Speak to Aaron and his sons and teach them the following Commandment: This is how you should bless the Children of Israel. Say to the Children of Israel:
May Ha-Shem bless you and keep watch over you; - Amen!
May Ha-Shem make His Presence enlighten you, and may He be kind to you; - Amen!
May Ha-Shem bestow favor on you and grant you peace. – Amen!
This way, the priests will link My Name with the Israelites, and I will bless them."
These are the Laws for which the Torah did not mandate specific amounts: How much growing produce must be left in the corner of the field for the poor; how much of the first fruits must be offered at the Holy Temple; how much one must bring as an offering when one visits the Holy Temple three times a year; how much one must do when doing acts of kindness; and there is no maximum amount of Torah that a person must study.
These are the Laws whose benefits a person can often enjoy even in this world, even though the primary reward is in the Next World: They are: Honoring one's father and mother; doing acts of kindness; early attendance at the place of Torah study -- morning and night; showing hospitality to guests; visiting the sick; providing for the financial needs of a bride; escorting the dead; being very engrossed in prayer; bringing peace between two people, and between husband and wife; but the study of Torah is as great as all of them together. Amen!
We pray for our beloved Hakham His Eminence Rabbi Dr. Yosef ben Haggai. Mi Sheberach…He who blessed our forefathers Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, Moses and Aaron, David, and Solomon, may He bless and heal the sick person HE Rabbi Dr. Yosef ben Haggai, May the Holy One, Blessed is He, be filled with compassion for him to restore his health, to heal him, to strengthen him, and to revivify him. And may He send him speedily a complete recovery from heaven, among the other sick people of Yisrael, a recovery of the body and a recovery of the spirit, swiftly and soon, and we will say amen ve amen!
A Prayer for Israel
Lead them, swiftly and upright, to Your city Zion and to Jerusalem, the abode of Your Name, as is written in the Torah of Your servant Moses: “Even if your outcasts are at the ends of the world, from there the Lord your God will gather you, from there He will fetch you. And the Lord your God will bring you to the land that your fathers possessed, and you shall possess it, and He will make you more prosperous and more numerous than your fathers.” Draw our hearts together to revere and venerate Your name and to observe all the precepts of Your Torah, and send us quickly the Messiah son of David, agent of Your vindication, to redeem those who await Your deliverance.
Shabbat “Khi Yiqare Qan Tsipor” – “If a bird’s nest”
|
Shabbat |
Torah Reading: |
Weekday Torah Reading: |
|
כִּי יִקָּרֵא קַן-צִפּוֹר |
|
Saturday Afternoon |
|
Reader 1 – D’barim 22:6-9 |
Reader 1 – D’barim 23:10-12 |
|
|
Reader 2 – D’barim 22:10-12 |
Reader 2- D’barim 23:13-15 |
|
|
“Si encuentras un nido” |
Reader 3 – D’barim 22:13-15 |
Reader 3- D’barim 23:15-17 |
|
D’barim (Deut.) 22:6 – 23:9 |
Reader 4 – D’barim 22:16-21 |
|
|
Reader 5 – D’barim 22:22-27 |
Monday & Thursday Mornings |
|
|
Psalm 132:1-18 |
Reader 6 – D’barim 22:28 – 23:4 |
Reader 1 – D’barim 23:10-12 |
|
Ashlamatah: Isaiah 31:5-9 + 32:14-18 |
Reader 7 – D’barim 23:5-9 |
Reader 2- D’barim 23:13-15 |
|
N.C.: Mark 15:22-28; Luke 23:33-34 |
Maftir – D’barim 23:5-9 Isaiah 31:5-9 + 32:14-18 |
Reader 3- D’barim 23:15-17 |
Summary of the Torah Seder – D’barim (Deut.) 22:6 - 23:9
· MISCELLANEOUS LAWS – Deut. 22:6-12
· Sparing the Mother-Bird – Deut. 22:6-7
· Parapets to House Roofs – Deut. 22:8
· Against Mixing Seeds – Deut. 22:9
· Yoking an Ox And an Ass – Deut 22:10
· Sha’atnes – Deut. 22:11
· Tsitsit – Deut. 22:12
· HOLINESS OF MARRIAGE – Deut. 22:13- 23:9
· Charges Against a Bride – Deut. 22:13-21
· Adultery – Deut. 22:22
· A Betrothed Virgin – Deut. 22:23-27
· A Virgin Not Betrothed – Deut. 22:28-29
· Prohibition of Marriage with Stepmother – Deut. 23:1
· Classes Excluded From the Congregation – Deut. 23:2-9
Rashi & Targum Pseudo Jonathan
for: D’barim (Deut.) 22:6 – 23:9
|
Rashi |
Targum Pseudo-Jonathan |
|
6. If a bird's nest chances before you on the road, on any tree, or on the ground, and [it contains] fledglings or eggs, if the mother is sitting upon the fledglings or upon the eggs, you shall not take the mother upon the young. |
6. If you find the nest of a clean bird before you in the way, in a tree, or upon the ground, in which there are young ones or eggs, and the mother sitting upon the young ones or eggs, |
|
7. You shall send away the mother, and [then] you may take the young for yourself, in order that it should be good for you, and you should lengthen your days. |
7. You will be sure to send the mother away, but you may take the young for yourself that it may be well with you in this world, and that you may prolong your days in the world to come. |
|
8. When you build a new house, you shall make a guard rail for your roof, so that you shall not cause blood [to be spilled] in your house, that the one who falls should fall from it [the roof]. |
8. When you build a new house, you will make a surrounding fence to your roof, that it may not be the occasion of blood guilt by the loss of life at your house, by any one through heedlessness falling there from. JERUSALEM: Then you will make a parapet to your roof, that the guilt of innocent blood shedding may not be set upon your house. |
|
9. You shall not sow your vineyard [together with] a mixed variety of species, lest the increase, even the seed that you sow and the yield of the vineyard [both] become forbidden. |
9. You will not sow your vineyard with seeds of different kinds, lest you be chargeable with burning the mixed seed that you have sown and the produce of the vine. |
|
10. You shall not plow with an ox and a donkey together. |
10. You will not plough with an ox and an ass nor with any animals of two species bound together. |
|
11. You shall not wear a mixture of wool and linen together. |
11. You will not clothe nor warm yourselves with a garment combed (carded) or netted or interwoven with wool and linen mixed together. |
|
12. You shall make yourself twisted threads, on the four corners of your garment with which you cover yourself. |
12. Nevertheless on a robe of linen thread you may be permitted to make fringes of wool upon the four extremities of your vestments with which you dress in the day. JERUSALEM: Fringes of threads will you make upon the four edges of your vestments with which you dress. |
|
13. If a man takes a wife, is intimate with her and despises her, |
13. If a man take a wife or virgin and go unto her, but afterwards dislike her, |
|
14. and he makes libelous charges against her and gives her a bad name, saying, "I took this woman, and when I came to her, I did not find any evidence of virginity for her." |
14. and bring upon her words of calumny in an evil report against her, and say, I took this woman, and lay with her, but found not the witnesses for her; |
|
15. Then the girl's father and her mother shall obtain evidence of the girl's virginity and take it out to the elders of the city, to the gate. |
15. then the father and mother of the damsel may have license from the court of judgment to produce the linen with the witnesses of her virginity, before the Sages of the city, at the door of the Beth Din. |
|
16. And the girl's father shall say to the elders, "I gave my daughter to this man as a wife, and he despised her; |
16. And the father of the damsel will say to the Sages, I wedded my daughter to this man to be his wife; but after lying with her he has hated her; |
|
17. And behold, he made libelous charges, saying, 'I did not find evidence of your daughter's virginity.' But this is the evidence of my daughter's virginity!' And they shall spread the garment before the elders of the city. |
17. and, behold, he has thrown upon her occasion of words, saying: I have not found the witnesses of your daughter's (virginity) but these are my daughter's witnesses; and they will spread the linen before the Sages of the city; |
|
18. Then, the elders of that city shall take the man and chasten him. |
18. and the Sages will take that man, scourge him, |
|
19. And they shall fine him one hundred [shekels of] silver because he defamed a virgin of Israel, and he give it to the girl's father. And she shall be his wife; he shall not send her away all the days of his life. |
19. and fine him a hundred shekels of silver, and give to the father of the damsel, because he had brought out an evil report against an upright virgin of Israel; and she shall be his wife, nor shall he have power to put her away all his days. |
|
20. But if this matter was true: [indeed,] no evidence of the girl's virginity was found |
20. But if that word be true, and the witnesses of virginity were not found with the damsel |
|
21. they shall take the girl out to the entrance of her father's house, and the men of her city shall pelt her with stones, and she shall die, for she did a disgraceful thing in Israel, to commit adultery [in] her father's house. So shall you clear away the evil from among you. |
21. then will they bring her forth to the door of her father's house, and the men of that city will stone her with stones that she die; for she had wrought dishonor in Israel in bringing the ill fame of whoredom against her father's house; and so, will they put away the evil doer from Israel. JERUSALEM: But if this word be true, and the damsel's witnesses are not found, they will bring that damsel from the door of her father's house, and the people will stone her. |
|
22. If a man is found lying with a married woman, even both of them shall die the man lying with the woman and the woman. So shall you clear away the evil from Israel. |
22. If a man be found lying with another's wife, both of them will be put to death; the male who has lain with the woman, and the woman. Even if she be with child, they will not wait till she is delivered, but in the same hour they will put them to death by strangulation with the napkin, and cast away the evil doer from Israel. |
|
23. If there is a virgin girl betrothed to a man, and [another] man finds her in the city, and lies with her, |
23. If a damsel a virgin is betrothed to a man, and another man find her in the city, and lie with her, |
|
24. you shall take them both out to the gate of that city, and you shall pelt them with stones, and they shall die: the girl, because she did not cry out [even though she was] in the city, and the man, because he violated his neighbor's wife. So shall you clear away the evil from among you. |
24. they will bring forth both of them to the door of the Beth Din of that city, and stone them with stones that they die; the damsel because she did not cry out in the city, and the man because he lay with his neighbor's wife; and you will put away the evil doer from among you. |
|
25. But if a man finds the betrothed girl in the field, and the man overpowers her and lies with her, then only the man who lay with her shall die. |
25. But if a man find a damsel in the wilderness, and do violence to her and lie with her, the man only will die who lay with her, |
|
26. Whereas to the girl, you shall do nothing the girl did not commit a sin deserving of death, for just as a man rises up against his fellow and murders him, so is this case. |
26. for the damsel is not guilty of death; but her husband may put her away from him by a bill of divorcement; for as when a man lies in wait for his neighbor and takes his life, so is this matter: |
|
27. Because he found her in the field. The betrothed girl had cried out, but there was no one to save her. |
27. he found her upon the face of the field; the betrothed damsel cried out for help, but there was no one to deliver her. |
|
28. If a man finds a virgin girl who was not betrothed, and seizes her and lies with her, and they are found, |
28. If a man find a damsel who is not betrothed, and seize and lie with her, and they be found, |
|
29. the man who lay with her shall give fifty [shekels of] silver to the girl's father, and she shall become his wife, because he violated her. He shall not send her away all the days of his life. |
29. then the man who lay with her will give to her father, as a fine for her dishonor, fifty shekels of silver, and she will be his wife, because he humbled her, nor will he have power to put her away by divorcement all his days. |
|
|
|
|
1. A man shall not take his father's wife, nor shall he uncover the corner of his father's [cloak]. |
1. A man should not take a wife who is bowed down (or violated), or who has had intercourse with her father, much less his father's wife, nor disclose the skirt that covers his father. |
|
2. [A man] with injured testicles or whose member is cut, may not enter the assembly of the Lord. |
2. He who is castrated is not fit to take a wife from the congregation of the LORD's people. |
|
3. A bastard shall not enter the assembly of the Lord; even the tenth generation shall not enter the assembly of the Lord. |
3. He who is born of fornication, or who has upon him the evil mark, which is set upon the unclean Gentiles, is not fit to take an upright wife from the congregation of the people of the LORD; nor unto the tenth generation will it be fit for him to enter into the congregation of the LORD. |
|
4. An Ammonite or Moabite shall not enter the assembly of the Lord; even the tenth generation shall never enter the assembly of the Lord. |
4. Neither an Ammonite nor a Moabite man is fit to take a wife from the congregation of the LORD's people, nor unto the tenth generation will they take a wife from the congregation of the people of the LORD, |
|
5. Because they did not greet you with bread and water on the way, when you left Egypt, and because he [the people of Moab] hired Balaam the son of Beor from Plethora in Aram Naharaim against you, to curse you. |
5. because they met you not with bread and water in the way when you came from Mizraim, but hired against you Bileam bar Beor from Petho Chelmaya, which is built in the land of Aram upon the Phrat, to curse you; |
|
6. But the Lord, your God, did not want to listen to Balaam. So, the Lord, your God, transformed the curse into a blessing for you, because the Lord, your God, loves you. |
6. but the LORD your God would not hearken unto Bileam, but turned in his mouth curses into blessings, because the LORD your God loves you. |
|
7. You shall not ever seek out their welfare or their good, all your days. |
7. You will not seek their peace or, their prosperity all your days, because, if even they become proselytes, they will entertain enmity in their hearts forever. |
|
8. You shall not despise an Edomite, for he is your brother. You shall not despise an Egyptian, for you were a sojourner in his land. |
8. You will not abhor an Edomite when he comes to be a proselyte, for he is your brother; nor will you abhor a Mizraite, because you were dwellers in their land. |
|
9. Children who are born to them [in] the third generation may enter the assembly of the Lord. |
9. The children who are born to them in the third generation will be fit to take wives from the people of the congregation of the LORD. |
Reading Assignment:
The Torah Anthology: Yalkut Me’Am Lo’Ez - Vol 18: Deuteronomy – IV – Laws and Warnings
By: Rabbi Shmuel Yerushalmi
Published by: Moznaim Publishing Corp. (New York, 1991)
Vol. 18 – “Deuteronomy – IV – Laws and Warnings,” pp. 27-57.
Welcome to the World of P’shat Exegesis
In order to understand the finished work of the P’shat mode of interpretation of the Torah, one needs to take into account that the P’shat is intended to produce a catechetical output, whereby a question/s is/are raised and an answer/a is/are given using the seven Hermeneutic Laws of R. Hillel and as well as the laws of Hebrew Grammar and Hebrew expression.
The Seven Hermeneutic Laws of R. Hillel are as follows
[cf. http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=472&letter=R]:
1. Ḳal va-ḥomer: "Argumentum a minori ad majus" or "a majori ad minus"; corresponding to the scholastic proof a fortiori.
2. Gezerah shavah: Argument from analogy. Biblical passages containing synonyms or homonyms are subject, however much they differ in other respects, to identical definitions and applications.
3. Binyan ab mi-katub eḥad: Application of a provision found in one passage only to passages which are related to the first in content but do not contain the provision in question.
4. Binyan ab mi-shene ketubim: The same as the preceding, except that the provision is generalized from two Biblical passages.
5. Kelal u-Peraṭ and Peraṭ u-kelal: Definition of the general by the particular, and of the particular by the general.
6. Ka-yoẓe bo mi-maḳom aḥer: Similarity in content to another Scriptural passage.
7. Dabar ha-lamed me-'inyano: Interpretation deduced from the context.
Rashi’s Commentary on D’barim (Deuteronomy) 22:6 – 23:9
6 If a bird’s nest chances before you This excludes [a bird nest that is] ready at hand. -[Chul. 139a, Sifrei 22:55]
you shall not take the mother while she is on her young, [whereas if she is only hovering overhead, you may take her from upon her young]. -[Chul. 140b]
7 in order that it should be good for you, [and you should lengthen your days] If in the case of a commandment easy [to fulfill, like this one] for which there is no monetary expense, Scripture says, “[Do this] in order that it should be good for you, and that you should lengthen your days,” then how much greater is the reward for [the fulfillment of] commandments that are more difficult to observe [or for which there is a monetary expense].-[Sifrei 22:64, Chul. 142a]
8 When you build a new house, [you shall make a guard-rail for your roof] If you have fulfilled the commandment of שִׁלּוּחַ הַקֵּן, “sending away [the mother bird from her] nest,” you will eventually build a new house and fulfill the commandment of מַעֲקֶה,guard-rail,because [the fulfillment of] one commandment pulls along with it [an opportunity to fulfill] another commandment [i.e., one commandment leads to another]. You will then come to [possess] a vineyard, a field, and fine clothes. Therefore, these passages are juxtaposed [that is, those just discussed, and the ensuing passages pertaining to vineyards, fields, and garments].-[Tanchuma 1]
a guard-rail Heb. מַעֲקֶה, a fence surrounding the roof. Onkelos renders: תְּיָקָא, like a sheath (תִּיק), which protects what is inside it.
that the one who falls should fall That one [who would fall] deserves to fall [to his death on account of his sins]; nevertheless, you should not be the one to bring about his death, for meritorious things are executed through meritorious people, while things of ill-fortune are executed through guilty people.-[Sifrei 22:68]
9 [You shall not sow your vineyard together with] a mixed variety of species [For example,] sowing in the same hand-throw [of seeds] wheat and barley, [the sowing together of which already constitutes one prohibition of כִּלְאַיִם -"mixed variety of species" (see Lev. 19:19)], and grapeseed’s [the total combination of which now constitutes an additional prohibition of sowing the two diverse species in a vineyard].-[Ber. 22a]
lest... become forbidden Heb. תִּקְדַּשׁ , as the Targum [Onkelos] renders: תִסְתָּאֵב , lit., become unclean. To anything repulsive to man, either in a positive sense, e.g., something holy, or in a negative sense, e.g., something forbidden, the term קָדוֹשׁ applies. For instance, “Do not come near me, lest I contaminate you (קְדַשְׁתִּיךָ) ” (Isa. 65:5) [according to Rashi on Shevuoth 18b, or, according to Rabbi Joseph Kara on Isa. 65:5: “lest I become contaminated by you”].[See Maskil L’David, Be’er Basadeh, Yosef Hallel, and Leket Bahir.] the increase Heb. הַמְלֵאָה . This is the fullness מִלּוּי and increase, which a seed increases. -[See Pes. 25a]
10 You shall not plow with an ox and a donkey The same law applies to any two species in the world. [Similarly,] this law applies [also] to [merely] leading them together when they are bound to each other as a pair, for transporting any load.-[Sifrei 22:79-80, Kilayim 8:2]
11 a mixture Heb. שַׁעַטְנֵז An expression denoting a mixture. Our Rabbis explained [this term to be an acronym of the terms]: שׁוּעַ , combed, טָווּי , spun, and נוּז , woven. [Thus, our Rabbis explain that the Torah prohibition of שַׁעַטְנֵז applies only to materials combed, spun, and woven together.]-[Sifrei 22: 81, Niddah 61b, see Rashi and Tos.]
12 You shall make yourself twisted threads even from a mixture [of wool and linen]. For this reason, Scripture juxtaposes them [these two commandments: sha’atnez and tzitzith].-[Yev. 4a]
13 [If a man takes a wife,] is intimate with her, and despises her in the end he will...
14 make libelous charges against her One sin leads to another sin. He transgressed [the negative commandment of] “You shall not hate [your brother in your heart]” (Lev. 19:17); so eventually he will come to [commit the sin of] slander (לָשׁוֹן הָרַע). -[Sifrei 22:87]
this woman We learn from here that he says nothing except in the presence of his opponent.-[Sifrei 22:89]
15 The girl’s father and her mother [shall obtain evidence...] Let those who raised this evil offspring be disgraced because of her.-[Sifrei 22:90]
16 And the girl’s father shall say [to the elders] [The father, but not the mother.] This teaches us that a woman is not permitted to speak in the presence of her husband [when others are present].- [Sifrei 22:91]
17 and they shall spread the garment This is a figurative expression, meaning: they shall clarify the matter as ["clear"] as a [new] garment.-[Sifrei 22:92, Keth. 46a]
18 and chasten him [with] lashes.-[Sifrei 22:93, Keth. 46a]
20 But if this matter was true [as corroborated] by witnesses, and there was warning, [proving] that she had committed adultery after her betrothal.-[Keth. 44b]
21 [they shall take the girl out] to the entrance of her father’s house [as if to say:] “Look at the children you have reared!”-[Keth. 45a.]
her father’s house Heb. בֵּית אָבִיהָ , [to be understood as] [אָבִיהָ] בְּבֵית “ in her father’s house.”
the men of her city [I.e.,] in the presence of all the men of her city.-[Sifrei 22:100]
22 both of them shall die [The words “both of them” come] to exclude unnatural acts in which the man makes contact with the woman without intercourse], from which the woman derives no pleasure [thus not including “both of them” in the act].-[Sifrei 22:102, San. 66b]
even - גַּם , lit., also. This comes to include those who have relations after them. [I.e., after these two people have already been tried and sentenced to death for adultery, and before they are put to death, other people commit further adultery with them, these new people are also to be put to death for adultery, and we do not consider this couple as dead people.] Another explanation [of the expression שְׁנֵיהֶם גַּם־ ]: To include the fetus. [I.e.,] if she was pregnant, they do not wait for her until she gives birth [but put her to death immediately, while still pregnant].-[Arachin 7a]
23 And [another] man finds her in the city Therefore, he lay with her. A breach [in a wall] invites a thief; had she remained at home, this would not have happened to her.-[Sifrei 22:103]
26 for just as a man rises up [against his fellow and murders him, so is this case] According to the simple meaning, this is the explanation: For she was coerced, and the man overpowered her, just like the case of someone who overpowers another person to kill him. Our Rabbis, however, interpreted it [as follows]: This one comes to teach, but instead he learns (San. 73a). [That is, it would seem at first glance, that the case of the murderer in the verse is cited in order to teach us something about the case of the betrothed girl who was raped, namely, that just as the murdered person was overpowered, so was this girl overpowered and coerced. However, with further examination, we learn something new from the case of this girl, which can be applied to the case of the murderer. And that is: just as in the case of the girl, we may save her from sin by killing her assailant, so it is, in the case of a murderer overpowering someone with the intent of murder, anyone is permitted to kill his assailant in order to save the life of the intended victim.]-[Sifrei 22:106]
Chapter 23
1 shall not take [I.e.,] betrothal has no effect on her [even after the father’s death], and he cannot legally marry her.- [Kid. 67a]
nor shall he uncover the corner of his father’s [cloak] [This seemingly superfluous phrase comes to include] the שׁוֹמֶרֶת יָבָם of his father [i.e., the widow of his father’s brother who died without children, who awaits (שׁוֹמֶרֶת) her brother-in-law (יָבָם) to either wed her or release her through the rite of חֲלִיצָה. See Deut. 25:5-10.] She is [thus] intended for his father [who is her brother-in-law]. But has he not already been admonished regarding her by [the verse] “[You shall not uncover] the nakedness of [i.e., commit incest with the wife of] your father’s brother” (Lev. 18:14)? However, [the prohibition is repeated here] to make the transgressor liable on her account for two negative commands (Yev. 4a), and to juxtapose it to “A bastard (מַמְזֵר) shall not enter [the assembly of the Lord,” to teach us that a מַמְזֵר , “bastard,” is only [a child of] a forbidden union punishable by כָּרֵת ["excision," as is the case with a child born of one who takes his father’s שׁוֹמֶרֶת יָבָם ]. All the more so [does it apply to one born] from a forbidden union punishable by the death sentence by the court, for in forbidden unions incurring the death penalty by the court, there is no case that does not [also] incur the penalty of כָּרֵת [Yev. 49a]
2 with injured testicles [I.e.,] one whose testicles have been injured or crushed.-[Sifrei 23:111]
whose member is cut Heb.וּכְרוּת שָׁפְכָה , one whose male organ is cut, [to the extent] that his semen no longer shoots forth in a continuous flow, but rather drips and trickles, and thus he cannot produce children.-[Yev. 75a]
3 A bastard shall not enter the assembly of the Lord [I.e.,] he shall not marry an Israelite woman.-[Yev. 77b]
4 An Ammonite [or Moabite] shall not enter [the assembly of the Lord] [I.e.,] he shall not marry an Israelite woman.-[Yev. 77b]
5 Because Heb. עַל־דְּבַר [lit., “because of the word,” i.e.,] because of the [word of] advice they gave you (sic), to cause you to sin.-[Sifrei 23: 114]
on the way when you were in [a state of] extreme exhaustion.-[Sifrei 23:114]
7 You shall not [ever] seek out their welfare [nor their good] Since it says [in the case of a runaway slave], “He may reside with you in your midst” (verse 17), one might assume that this one [the Ammonite or the Moabite] is the same. Therefore, Scripture states: “You shall not [ever] seek out their welfare [or their good]” -[Sifrei 23:114. See Yalkut Shimoni, Mossad Harav Kook, fn. 54]
8 You shall not despise an Edomite Completely, [but only the first two generations,] even though it is appropriate for you to despise him, because he went forth against you with the sword (see Num. 20:18- 21).
You shall not despise an Egyptian Absolutely, [but only the first two generations,] even though they cast your male [infants] into the Nile. What is the reason [that you may not despise them]? Because they hosted you in a time of dire need; therefore:
9 Children who are born to them in the third generation But other nations, are allowed [to marry Jews] immediately [after their conversion]. Thus, you learn from here that someone who causes a person to sin does worse to him than one who kills him, for one who kills him, kills him [only] in this world, whereas one who leads him to sin removes him from [both] this world and from the world-to-come. Therefore, Edom, who came forth against them with the sword was not [completely] despised. Similarly, Egypt, who drowned them. These, however, who caused them to sin, were [completely] despised.-[Sifrei 23:117]
Ketubim: Tehillim (Psalms) 132:1-18
|
Rashi |
Targum |
|
1. A song of ascents. Remember, O LORD, onto David all his affliction. |
1. A song that was uttered on the ascents of the abyss. Remember, O LORD, for David, all his affliction. |
|
2. That he swore to the LORD, he vowed to the Mighty One of Jacob; |
2. Who affirmed before the LORD a vow to the mighty one of Jacob. |
|
3. That I will not come into the tent of my house, and I will not go up on the bed that was spread for me. |
3. I will not approach my wife, I will not ascend to the couch of my repose, |
|
4. I will not give sleep to my eyes nor slumber to my pupils, |
4. I will not give sleep to my eyes, slumber to my eyelids, |
|
5. Until I find a place for the LORD, dwellings for the Mighty One of Jacob. |
5. Until I find a place to build the sanctuary of the LORD, tents for the mighty one of Jacob. |
|
6. Behold we heard it in Ephrath; we found it in the fields of the forest. |
6. Behold, we have heard it in Ephrat, we have found it in the field of the forests of Lebanon, the place where the fathers of old prayed. |
|
7. Let us come to His Tabernacles; let us prostrate ourselves to His footstool. |
7. Let us enter His tents, let us bow down to His footstool. |
|
8. Arise, O LORD, to Your resting place, You and the Ark of Your might. |
8. Arise, O LORD, abide in the dwelling-place of Your rest, You and the Ark in which is Your Torah. |
|
9. Let Your priests be clothed with righteousness/generosity, and let Your devout ones sing praises. |
9. Your priests will wear clothing of righteousness/generosity, and your pious Levites will sing praise over your sacrifices. |
|
10. For the sake of David Your servant, turn not away the face of Your anointed (Messiah). |
10. Because of the merit of David your servant; when the Ark comes through the middle of the gates, do not turn back the face of Solomon your anointed (Messiah). |
|
11. The LORD has sworn to David in truth, from which He will never turn back, "Of the fruit of your body I will seat upon your throne. |
11. The LORD has affirmed to David in truth, He will not turn from it: "One of the children of your belly I will set as a king on your throne." |
|
12. If your sons keep My covenant, and this, My testimony, which I will teach them, also their sons will sit on your throne forever." |
12. If your sons keep my covenant and this testimony of Mine that I will teach them, then your sons will forever sit on your throne. |
|
13. For the LORD has chosen Zion; He desired it for His habitation. |
13. For the LORD is pleased with Zion; He has desired it for His habitation. |
|
14. This is My resting place forever; here I will dwell for I desired it. |
14. This is the resting place of My presence forever; here I will dwell, for I have desired it. |
|
15. I will bless its provision; I will sate its needy with bread. |
15. Her provisions I will surely bless; and her needy will have their fill of bread. |
|
16. And its priests I will clothe with salvation, and its devout ones will sing praises. |
16. And her priests I will clothe in garments of redemption, and her pious will surely sing praise. |
|
17. There I will cause David's horn to sprout; I have set up a lamp for My anointed (Messiah). |
17. There I will cause to come forth a glorious king of the house of David; I have prepared a lamp for my anointed (Messiah). |
|
18. His enemies I will clothe with shame, and upon him his crown will shine. |
18. His enemies I will clothe with garments of shame; and his crown will glitter upon him. |
Rashi’s Commentary on Tehillim (Psalms) 132:1-18
1 A song of ascents. Remember, O Lord, onto David all his affliction, The affliction of his soul, how he worked and toiled to find a place for You.
5 Until I find a place Until it will be known where the place of His sanctuary will be. (I found this.)
6 we heard it The tidings.
in Ephrath In the most esteemed and superior place, like (I Sam. 1: 1): “the son of Toku, the son of Zuph, an Ephrathite,” an important person, a palace dweller. Another explanation:
We heard it in Ephrath In the Book of Joshua (ch. 15), who came from Ephraim. In all the boundaries, he says, “And the border went up...and the border circled,” but here he says,“And the border went up by the valley of the son of Hinnon... Jerusalem.” Jerusalem is [therefore] found to be higher than all the lands, and it is fit for the Temple, as it is said (Deut. 17:8): “and you shall arise and ascend to the place, etc.” This teaches [us] that the Temple is higher than the whole land of Israel. So, it is expounded upon in tractate Zevahim (54b).
we found it in the fields of the forest In the boundary of Benjamin, who was likened to a beast of the forest, as it is said (Gen. 49:27): “Benjamin is a devouring wolf.”
7 Let us come there to His Tabernacles.
10 turn not away the face of Your anointed Solomon when he comes to place the Ark therein.
12 and this, My testimony, which I shall teach them This which I shall teach them.
15 its provision its food.
18 will shine Heb.יציץ, which shine, like (Ezek. 1:7): “and they sparkled (ונצצים) like the color of burnished copper.”
Meditation from the Psalms
Psalms 132:1-18
By H. Em. Rabbi Dr. Hillel ben David
In Psalms chapter 132, The Levitical choir moves up to the thirteenth step. The composer of this chapter of Psalms, King David, longed to be granted the privilege of building the House of HaShem, the Beit HaMikdash. Although HaShem did not grant him that wish, He did permit David to make the preliminary arrangements for the construction of the Temple, and the actual construction was assigned to David's son Solomon. Because of David's painstaking preparations, credit for the building of the Temple was attributed to David.
David composed this psalm in reference to three separate events, all of which were related to the Temple. In his youth, he struggled to identify the precise spot where the altar of the Temple was to stand. Towards the end of his reign, David built an altar on that spot. Finally, Solomon constructed the Temple so that the altar was its focal point. The verses of this psalm allude to all three events.
The fortunes of David's dynasty are bound up with the fortunes of the Temple. Just as the sanctity of the Temple site endures forever, the royal status of David's seed [through Solomon] endures for all time. Even now when the Temple is destroyed, we look forward to the reconstruction of the Beit HaMikdash together with the rekindling of the light of David's dynasty. The Psalmist concludes this psalm with HaShem's promise I shall cause pride to sprout for David; I have prepared a lamp for My anointed.[1]
When David was contemplating our Torah Portion, he was confronted with the command to send a mother bird from the nest[2] before you take the eggs or the young. He then noted that the compassion HaShem had for the mother is similar to His compassion for His people. As a mother[3] longs to be close to her children[4] so also does HaShem long to be with the Bne Israel. And the only way that HaShem will move from us is if we “send” Him away with our sins. In addition, he saw that Debarim 22:8 alludes to the Beit HaMikdash, the House of The Holy One, when it commands:
Debarim (Deuteronomy) 22:8 When thou buildest a new house, then thou shalt make a parapet for thy roof, that thou bring not blood upon thy house, if any man fall from thence.
Psalms chapter 132 speaks of David’s desire to build the Temple. David had a long time to collect the Temple building materials and instruct his son in the crafting of the Temple. In a way, when we obey the mitzvot of our Torah portion, then we build ourselves into a sanctuary. It is this sanctuary which will merit that HaShem should defeat our enemies.
Tehillim (Psalms) 132:4-5 I will not give sleep to my eyes nor slumber to my pupils, 5. Until I find a place for HaShem, dwellings for the Mighty One of Jacob.
Tradition teaches that the human soul has five levels, of which the lower three are connected to our physical selves. And it is these three that concern us here. At the core of our being we are a neshama, which is always connected to HaShem to such a great extent that it is difficult to tell where the Divine Presence ends, and the person begins. Although our neshama is the core of our being, we are not self-conscious on the level of neshama; we are only self-conscious on the bottom two levels of our souls, the ruach and the nefesh.
The neshama is connected to our ruach, our spiritual self. We are all self-aware as spiritual beings; we can all imagine ourselves as living without our bodies, and we all have a sense of morality and of right and wrong that we know is above all materialistic considerations. The ruach is connected to our nefesh, the life force that burns within us and is the engine that drives us, the materialistic part of our beings.
The Temple is put together in the same way. The outermost level is called the Azara,[5] and that is where the animal sacrifices are all brought. This level parallels the nefesh. It is connected to the Heichel,[6] a much more spiritual place. No animal sacrifices are ever offered there. The incense is offered in the Heichel, which is where the Menorah[7] is to be found; the showbread[8] that stays warm and fresh from Shabbat to Shabbat is there. It is clearly a more spiritual part of the Temple, but we still have daily access to it just as we do to our own spirituality. This level parallels the ruach.
Finally, within the innermost recesses of the Heichel is the Holy of Holies; a separate alcove that is curtained off; the Holy Ark is kept there, and this is the place that the Shechinah[9] inhabits; we do not have daily access to this part of the Temple at all. The only person who ever enters it is the High Priest, and even he is only allowed to enter once a year. This lack of access is clearly an existential expression of our lack of access to our own neshamot.
The symbolism is clear; the High priest who enters the Holy of Holies on Yom Kippurim must enter it on the level of neshama.
Life is problematic only because we are not really sure about how to define ourselves. Were we able to see ourselves clearly as neshamot and were we therefore conscious of our unbreakable attachment to HaShem, the point of our lives would be quite clear to us; we wouldn't be at all confused as to why we exist and what we are supposed to do with our lives. But HaShem decreed that we must live with free will, and therefore the awareness of how our life depends on our attachment to HaShem at the source of our beings is withheld from our self-consciousness.
Instead, we are placed in a situation of existential conflict; our raging life force, the nefesh, and our spiritual side, the ruach, are always contending with each other pulling us in different directions. The ceaseless conflict confuses us; none of us are sure of who and what we are. No one wants to deny their real selves and live the wrong life; our confusion about who we are is the source of our sins. The eternal confusion is the dilemma that forms the backdrop against which we must exercise our free will.
Our state of oblivion regarding the existence of our neshama, the highest level of our soul that is always attached to HaShem renders us incapable of reaching clarity about who we are and clearing up our confusion.
Stepping into the Holy of Holies means becoming self-conscious as neshamot. The fog of confusion is instantly dissipated and replaced by total clarity of vision. To enjoy such clarity runs contrary to the purpose of living in this world. To enter the Holy of Holies is to step out of life as HaShem decreed that it must be lived here in this world of difficult choices. When Nadav and Avihu[10] took this step, they terminated the point of their continued existence in the world of choice and therefore left it; they died.
But they sanctified the Temple in the process. They demonstrated the existence of the Temple on the level of neshama; they demonstrated the existence of their own Neshamot, the state of the attachment of the neshama to HaShem, and how this relationship is mirrored by the Holy of Holies in the Temple. To us plain folks the cause of their death would perhaps have remained a total mystery; but to the 'generation of the wise' who stood at the foot of Mt. Sinai the lesson taught by their deaths was obvious, and revealed the power of the heretofore missing dimension of the Temple, the Holy of Holies.
What is a neck? The neck connects the head, representing the upper world, to the body, which represents this lower world. The Beit HaMikdash is the “neck” of the world because it connects the heavenly Temple to this world.
Megillah 16b And he fell upon his brother Benjamin’s neck.[11] How many necks[12] had Benjamin? — R. Eleazar said: He wept for the two Temples which were destined to be in the territory of Benjamin[13] and to be destroyed. And Benjamin wept upon his neck: he wept for the tabernacle of Shiloh which was destined to be in the territory of Joseph and to be destroyed.
Midrash Rabbah - The Song of Songs IV:12 THY NECK IS LIKE THE TOWER OF DAVID: this refers to the Temple. Why is it compared to a neck? Because so long as the Temple was standing, Israel’s neck was stretched out among the nations of the world, but when the Temple was destroyed, then, if one may say so, Israel’s neck was bowed; and so, it is written, And I will break the pride of your power (Lev. XXII, 19), namely, the Temple. Another explanation: Just as a man’s neck is in the highest part of him, so the Temple was in the highest part of the world. And just as most ornaments are hung round the neck, so the priests were attached to the Temple, the Levites were attached to the Temple. And just as, if the neck is removed, a man cannot live, so since the Temple was destroyed there has been no life for the enemies of Israel.
The Mishkan, the Tabernacle in the wilderness, alludes to the human body. Rambam thus wrote the following to his son:
My son Avraham, you must realize that the Mishkan alludes to the human body.
The Holy Ark, the innermost part, alludes to the human heart, which is the innermost part of the body. The Ark was the main part of the Mishkan because it contained the Tablets of the Covenant. So, too, is the human heart the main part of the body. It is the source of his life, his knowledge, and his understanding. The wings of the keruvim, which spread over the Ark, allude to the lungs. The lungs are over the heart like wings, and they provide it with air. The Table in the Mishkan alludes to the human stomach. Just as food and drink are placed on the table, so the stomach is filled with food and drink that a person consumes and from there it is distributed to the other parts of the body.
The Menorah (candlestick) in the Mishkan alludes to the human mind. Just as the Menorah gives forth light, so the intellect enlightens the entire body. Three stems went out from the Menorah on each side. These allude to the three limbs that extend from each side of the human body, the eye, the ear, and the hand. The intellect directs these three parts of the body. The incense altar alludes to the sense of smell. The sacrificial altar alludes to the intestines, which digest the food that enters the body. The veil covering the Mishkan alludes to the diaphragm, which is like a barrier between the parts of the body. The washstand alludes to the moisture and other liquids in the body. The goats’ wool hangings allude to the skin that covers the human body. The beams of the Mishkan allude to the ribs.[14]
The parts of the Beit HaMikdash, the Temple, all are in the feminine gender, in Hebrew. This suggests that the structure and its utensils are part of a female body. This aspect is further emphasized when we note that the Torah calls a man’s wife his “house”.[15] A wife is a house. Thus, the Beit HaMikdash, “The House of the Holy One”, would also be female.
If one looks at the form of the Beit HaMikdash as emphasized by the courtyards, we can see that the Woman’s courtyard is the largest courtyard, and it is at the “bottom” of the structure. This mirrors the female body which has the largest part at the bottom of the structure. Please remember that the arms and legs are not part of the structure, only the head and torso.
An aspect of the connection between the creation of the world and the Mikdash is the idea that the Mishkan and the Mikdash are the goal of creation, and it was only with their construction that creation was completed.
Mishlei (Proverbs) 30:4 Who has established all the ends of the earth.
This refers to Moshe, who established the Mishkan, with which the world was established. It does not say “to set up the Mishkan”, but rather “to set up with the Mishkan”[16] – the world was set up with it. For until the Mishkan was erected, the world was unstable; but after it was erected, the world became firm. Therefore, it says: “And it came to pass on the day that Moshe had finished setting up (with) the Mishkan”.[17]
“To set up the Mishkan”… There we have learned: The world stands on three things: On the Torah, on the Divine service, and on acts of loving-kindness.[18] And Moshe mentioned all three of them in one verse: “You in Your loving-kindness have led forth Your people whom you have redeemed”[19] – this is loving-kindness; “You have guided them in Your strength” – this is the Torah…; “To Your holy habitation” – this is the service in the Mishkan and in the Mikdash… He guided them by virtue of the Torah which they had received before the erection of the Mishkan. What was the world like at that time? It was like a stool with two legs, which cannot stand and is unstable. When a third leg was made for it, it became firm, and it stood. So, too, when the Mishkan was made… immediately, it became firm and stood. For at first the world had only two legs, loving-kindness, and the Torah, and it was unstable. When a third leg was made for it, namely, the Mishkan, it immediately stood.[20]
According to the Midrashim, the Mishkan and the Mikdash are essentially a continuation of the creation and its completion. Before they were built, the world was lacking, and the goal of creation had not been attained. Moreover, before the Mikdash was built, the existence of the world was not absolute and stable, for the world rests, among other things, upon the Divine service, the heart of which is in the Temple.
Parallels between the creation of the world and the construction of the Mishkan.
This connection finds expression in Scripture in a number of stylistic parallels between the Mishkan and creation:
1) Both are called melacha, “work”.[21]
2) The root, עשה, repeats itself many times in both contexts.
3) Wisdom, understanding and knowledge:
Mishlei (Proverbs) 3:19-20 The Lord by wisdom founded the earth; by understanding He established the heavens. By knowledge the depths were broken up.
See, I have called by name Betzalel… And I have filled him with the spirit of God, in wisdom, and in understanding, and in knowledge, and in all manner of workmanship[22]
4) ”Seeing” at the completion of the work:
Bereshit (Genesis) 1:31 And God saw everything that He had made, and behold, it was good.
Shemot (Exodus) 39:43 And Moshe saw all the work, and behold, they had done it as the Lord had commanded, even so they had done it.
5) Completion of the work:
Bereshit (Genesis) 2:1-2 Then the heavens and the earth were finished, and all their host. And by the seventh day God ended the work which He had done.
Shemot (Exodus) 39:32; 40:33 Thus was the work of the tabernacle of the Tent of Meeting finished: and the children of Israel did according to all that the Lord commanded Moshe, so they did… So, Moshe finished the work.
6) A blessing at the completion of the work:
Bereshit (Genesis) 2:3 And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because in it He rested from all His work which God had created and performed.
Shemot (Exodus) 39:43 And Moshe saw all the work, and behold, they had done it as the Lord had commanded, even so they had done it: and Moshe blessed them.
7) Ending with the sanctity of Shabbat, as we see in Bereshit (Genesis) 2:1-3 and Shemot (Exodus) 31:12-17).
Chazal noted these parallels in several places. The Tanchuma[23] draws a parallel between the order of creation and the order of the building of the Mishkan:
Rav Yaakov be-Rav Asi said: Why does it say:
Tehillim (Psalms) 26:8 Lord, I love the habitation of Your house, and the place where Your glory dwells?
Because it is equivalent to the creation of the world. How so? On the first day it says:
Bereshit (Genesis) 1:1 In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.
And it says:
Tehillim (Psalms) 104:2 Who stretches out the heavens like a curtain.
And regarding the Mishkan, what does it say:
Shemot (Exodus) 26:7 And you shall make curtains of goats’ hair.
On the second day:
Bereshit (Genesis) 1:6 Let there be a firmament…
And it mentions division, as it is stated:
Bereshit (Genesis) 1:6 And let it divide water from water.
And regarding the Mishkan, it says:
Shemot (Exodus) 26:33 And the veil shall be for you as a division.
On the third day, it mentions water, as it says:
Bereshit (Genesis) 1:9 Let the waters be gathered.
And regarding the Mishkan, it says:
Shemot (Exodus) 30:18 You shall also make a laver of brass, and its pedestal also of brass… and you shall put water in it.
On the fourth day, He created the lights, as it says:
Bereshit (Genesis) 1:14 Let there be lights in the firmament of heaven.
And regarding the Mishkan, it says:
Shemot (Exodus) 25:31 And you shall make a candlestick of pure gold.
On the fifth day, He created the birds, as it is stated:
Bereshit (Genesis) 1:20 Let the waters swarm abundantly with moving creatures that have life, and let birds fly above.
And corresponding to them in the Mikdash – offering sacrifices from sheep and birds.
On the sixth day, man was created, as it says:
Bereshit (Genesis) 1:27 So God created man in his own image.
He formed him with dignity. And regarding the Mishkan it says “man”, namely, the High Priest who was anointed to serve and attend before God.
On the seventh day:
Bereshit (Genesis) 2:1 Thus the heavens and the earth were finished.
And regarding the Mishkan, it says:
Shemot (Exodus) 39:32 And all the work was of the Mishkan … was finished.
Regarding the creation of the world, it says:
Bereshit (Genesis) 1:28 And God blessed.
And regarding the Mishkan, it says:
Shemot (Exodus) 39:43 And Moshe blessed them.
Regarding the creation of the world, it says:
Bereshit (Genesis) 2:2 And God ended…
And regarding the Mishkan, it says:
Bamidbar (Numbers) 7:1 And it happened on the day that it was finished.
Regarding the creation of the world, it says:
Bereshit (Genesis) 2:3 And He sanctified it.
and regarding the Mishkan, it says:
Bamidbar (Numbers) 7:1 And Moshe anointed it and sanctified it.
Why is the Mishkan equivalent to the heavens and the earth? Just as the heavens and the earth testify about Israel, as it says: I call heaven and earth to witness this day against you,[24] so the Mishkan is testimony to Israel, as it is stated: These are the accounts of the Mishkan, the Mishkan of the testimony.[25]
Therefore, it says: “Lord, I love the habitation of Your house, and the place where Your glory dwells”.[26]
The Midrash HaGadol at the end of Parashat Pekudei explains how the Mishkan completes the creation:
Shemot (Exodus) 40:34 Then a cloud covered the Tent of Meeting.
This is what it means when it says:
Tehillim (Psalms) 37:29 The righteous shall inherit the land, and dwell in it for ever.
Rav Yitzchak said: “The righteous shall inherit the land”, and where are the wicked? Hanging in the air? Rather what is “and dwell in it forever”, they will cause the Shechinah to dwell in it.
Genesis Rabbah 19:7 The Shechinah was originally in the lower world. When the first man sinned, it retreated to the first firmament. The generation of Enosh arose and sinned, and it retreated from the first to the second firmament. The generation of the flood arose and sinned, and it retreated from the second to the third firmament. The generation of the dispersion arose and sinned, and it retreated from the third to the fourth firmament. The Egyptians in the days of Avraham sinned, and it retreated from the fourth to the fifth firmament. The Sodomites sinned, and it retreated from the fifth to the sixth [firmament].The Egyptians in the days of Moshe sinned, and it retreated from the sixth to the seventh [firmament].
And corresponding to them, seven righteous men arose and brought [the Shechinah] down to earth. Avraham arose and acted virtuously, and brought it down from the seventh to the sixth [firmament]. Yitzchak arose and acted virtuously, and brought it down from the sixth to the fifth [firmament]. Yaakov arose and acted virtuously, and brought it down from the fifth to the fourth [firmament]. Levi arose and acted virtuously, and brought it down from the fourth to the third [firmament]. Kehat arose and acted virtuously, and brought it down from the third to the second [firmament]. Amram arose and acted virtuously, and brought it down from the second to the first [firmament]. Moshe arose and acted virtuously, and brought it down to the earth, as it is stated: “And the Glory of the Lord filled the Mishkan”.[27]
The midrash in Shemot Rabba states that certain things were created solely for the sake of the Mishkan:
Shemot Rabba 35:1 Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish said: The world was not worthy of using gold; why then was it created? For the Mishkan and for the Mikdash, as it is stated: “And the gold of that land is good”,[28] and as it is stated: “That goodly mountain and the Levanon”…[29] Rav Chanina said: The world was not worthy of using cedars. They were created solely for the Mishkan and for the Mikdash, as it is stated: “The trees of the Lord have their fill; the cedars of Levanon, which He has planted”,[30] and Levanon refers to the Mikdash, as it is stated: “This goodly mountain and the Levanon.”
Psalms chapter 132 speaks of David’s desire to build the Temple. David had a long time to collect the Temple building materials and instruct his son in the crafting of the Temple. In a way, when we obey the mitzvot of our Torah portion, then we build ourselves into a sanctuary. It is this sanctuary which will merit that HaShem should defeat our enemies.
Tehillim (Psalms) 132:4-5 I will not give sleep to my eyes nor slumber to my pupils, 5. Until I find a place for HaShem, dwellings for the Mighty One of Jacob.
Ashlamatah: Yeshayahu (Isaiah) 31:5-9 + 32:14-18
|
Rashi |
Targum |
|
31:4. For so has the Lord said to me, "As a lion or a young lion growls over his prey, although a band of shepherds gather against him, from their voice he is not dismayed and from their stirring he is not subdued, so shall the Lord of Hosts descend to gather an army on Mount Zion and on its hill. |
4. For thus the LORD said to me, As a lion or a young lion roars over its prey, and, when a band of shepherds are appointed against it, it is not broken up at their shouting or checked at their tumult, so the kingdom of the LORD of hosts will be revealed to settle upon the Mount of Zion and upon its hill. |
|
5. Like flying birds, so shall the Lord of Hosts protect Jerusalem, protecting and saving, passing over and rescuing." |
5. Like the bird soars, so the might of the LORD of hosts will be revealed over Jerusalem; he will protect and deliver, rescue and remove. |
|
6. Return to Him, against Whom you have thought deeply to turn away, O children of Israel. |
6. Return to the Law, for you have increased sinning, O sons of Israel. |
|
7. For on that day, they shall despise, each man his silver idols and his golden idols, which your hands have made for you [for] a sin. |
7. For in that time everyone will cast away their idols of silver and their idols of gold, the sin which your hands have made for you. |
|
8. And Assyria shall fall by the sword of one not a man, and the sword of one who is not a man shall consume him, and he shall flee from before a sword, and his chosen ones shall melt. |
8. “And the Assyrian shall fall by a sword, not of man; and a sword, not of man, shall destroy him; and he shall flee before those who slay with the sword, and his mighty ones [shall flee] to their breaking. |
|
9. And his rock shall pass from fear, and his princes shall be dismayed at the miracle, the word of the Lord, whose fire is in Zion and Whose stove is in Jerusalem. {P} |
9. His rulers shall pass away before terror, and His princes break up before the standard,” says the LORD, whose splendor is in Zion for those who perform His Law and whose burning furnace of fire is in Jerusalem for those who transgress His Memra. {P} |
|
|
|
|
32:9. Complacent women, rise, harken to my voice, confident daughters, bend your ears to my speech. |
9. Rise up, you provinces who dwell contentedly, hear My voice; you fortresses that lie in safety, give ear to My Memra. |
|
10. Year after year, shall you be troubled, you confident ones, for the vintage has failed; the ingathering shall not come. |
10. Days with years those who lie in safety will shudder; for the grain has ceased, there is no produce to gather. |
|
11. Tremble, complacent ones, to be troubled, confident ones, to undress and to bare, and to gird on the loins. |
11. Those who dwell contentedly are shattered, those who lie in safety shudder; they strip, and make themselves bare, and gird [sackcloth] upon loins. |
|
12. [They shall beat] on the breasts, lamenting, for the desirable fields, for the fruitful vines. |
12. They beat upon breasts for the pleasant fields, for bearing vines, |
|
13. On my people's soil thorns and briers shall come up, for on all the houses of joy, the joyful city. |
13. for the land of My people which will bring up briers and thorn; yea, for all the joyous houses in the strong city.
|
|
14. For the palace has been forsaken, the multitude of the city has been abandoned, rampart and tower are amidst ruins forever, a joy for wild donkeys, a pasture for flocks. |
14. For the sanctuary is desolate, the multitude of the cities which were its service are devastated; our strong- hold and our hiding place has been searched, now it is desolate and devastated for a time; a place that was a house of joy, a pleasure for kings, now has become a plundering of armies', |
|
15. Until a spirit be poured us from on high, and the desert shall become a fruitful field, and the fruitful field shall be regarded as a forest. |
15. all this until a spirit comes for us from him whose Shekhinah is in the heavens of the height, and the wilderness becomes a fruitful field, and the fruitful field causes many cities to be inhabited. |
|
16. And justice shall dwell in the desert, and righteousness shall reside in the fruitful field. |
16. Then those who perform judgment will dwell in the wilderness, and those who do righteousness/generosity will abide in the fruitful field. |
|
17. And the deed of righteousness shall be peace, and the act of righteousness [shall be] tranquility and safety until eternity. |
17. And those who do righteousness/generosity will be quiet and dwell in safety forever. |
|
18. And My people shall dwell in a dwelling of peace, and in secure dwellings and in tranquil resting-places. |
18. My people will abide in their habitations at peace, upon their land in safety, and in their cities contentedly. |
|
19. And He shall hail down the hailing of the forest, and into the low state shall the city be humbled. |
19. And hail will come down and kill the armies of the Gentiles, and their residents will be devastated and come to an end. |
|
20. Fortunate are you who sow by all waters, those who send forth the feet of the ox and the donkey. {S} |
20. Happy are you, the righteous/generous; you have made good deeds for yourselves, you who resemble those who sow beside irrigation, who send the oxen to thresh and the asses to gather. {S} |
In The School of the Prophets
Isaiah 31:5-9 + 32:14-18
By: Hakham Dr. Yosef ben Haggai
With Isaiah 31:4 we start a new section ending in 31:9. Isaiah 32:1-8 is the next section followed by 32:9-20. All these three sections are the subject of study but only Isaiah 31:5-9 + 32:14-18 are read before the congregation. Isaiah 31:5 contains our verbal tally with our Torah Seder.
Debarim (Deuteronomy) 22:6
כִּי יִקָּרֵא קַן-צִפּוֹר לְפָנֶיךָ בַּדֶּרֶךְ בְּכָל-עֵץ אוֹ עַל-הָאָרֶץ, אֶפְרֹחִים אוֹ בֵיצִים, וְהָאֵם רֹבֶצֶת עַל-הָאֶפְרֹחִים, אוֹ עַל-הַבֵּיצִים--לֹא-תִקַּח הָאֵם, עַל-הַבָּנִים.
“If a bird's nest chance to be before you in the way, in any tree or on the ground, with young ones or eggs, and the dam sitting upon the young, or upon the eggs, you will not take the dam with the young”
Isaiah 31:5
כְּצִפֳּרִים עָפוֹת--כֵּן יָגֵן יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת, עַל-יְרוּשָׁלִָם; גָּנוֹן וְהִצִּיל, פָּסֹחַ וְהִמְלִיט.
As birds hovering, so will the LORD of hosts protect Jerusalem; He will deliver it as He protects it, He will rescue it as He passes over.
The tally is by the Hebrew word צִפּוֹר – Tsipor – Bird – Strong’s # H6833.
Now we may ask, what is the significance of this commandment? Rashi answers:
“If in the case of a commandment easy [to fulfill, like this one] for which there is no monetary expense, Scripture says, “[Do this] in order that it should be good for you, and that you should lengthen your days,” then how much greater is the reward for [the fulfillment of] commandments that are more difficult to observe [or for which there is a monetary expense].-[Sifrei 22:64, Chul. 142a]”
We must be very careful with the observance of the commandments because we do not know what is the end reward for fulfilling any of the commandments. Here, basically G-d, most blessed be He has attached a great reward to this small commandment to train all the Jewish people to be compassionate as He is compassionate towards all of His creatures.
Verbal Tallies
By: HH Rosh Paqid Adon Hillel ben David
& HH Giberet Dr. Elisheba bat Sarah
Debarim (Deuteronomy) 22:6 – 23:9
Tehillim (Psalms) 132:1-18
Yeshayahu (Isaiah) 31:5-9 + 32:14-18
Mark 15:22-28, Luke 23:33-34
The verbal tallies between the Torah and the Psalm are:
Before / From - פנים, Strong’s number 0644.
Young / Children - בן, Strong’s number 01121.
The verbal tallies between the Torah and the Ashlamata are:
Birds - צפור, Strong’s number 06833.
Before / From - פנים, Strong’s number 0644.
Young / Children - בן, Strong’s number 01121.
Debarim (Deuteronomy) 22:6 If a bird’s <06833> nest chance to be before <06440> thee in the way in any tree, or on the ground, whether they be young ones, or eggs, and the dam sitting upon the young, or upon the eggs, thou shalt not take the dam with the young <01121>:
7 But thou shalt in any wise let the dam go, and take the young to thee; that it may be well with thee, and that thou mayest prolong thy days.
Tehillim (Psalms) 132:10 For thy servant David’s sake turn not away the face <06440> of thine anointed.
Tehillim (Psalms) 132:12 If thy children <01121> will keep my covenant and my testimony that I shall teach them, their children <01121> shall also sit upon thy throne for evermore.
Yeshayahu (Isaiah) 31:5 As birds <06833> flying, so will the LORD of hosts defend Jerusalem; defending also he will deliver it; and passing over he will preserve it.
Yeshayahu (Isaiah) 31:6 Turn ye unto him from whom the children <01121> of Israel have deeply revolted.
Yeshayahu (Isaiah) 31:8 Then shall the Assyrian fall with the sword, not of a mighty man; and the sword, not of a mean man, shall devour him: but he shall flee from <06440> the sword, and his young men shall be discomfited.
Hebrew:
|
Hebrew |
English |
Torah Reading Deut. 22:6 – 23:9 |
Psalms 132:1-18 |
Ashlamatah Is 31:5-9 + 32:14-18 |
|
byEao |
enemies |
Deut. 23:9 |
Ps. 132:18 |
|
|
vyai |
man |
Deut. 22:13 |
Isa. 31:7 |
|
|
tm,a/ |
true, truth |
Deut. 22:20 |
Ps. 132:11 |
|
|
aAB |
goes, comes |
Deut. 22:13 |
Ps. 132:3 |
|
|
tyIB; |
household, house |
Deut. 22:8 |
Ps. 132:3 |
|
|
!Be |
the young, son, children |
Deut. 22:6 |
Ps. 132:12 |
Isa. 31:6 |
|
aj.xe |
sin |
Deut. 22:26 |
Isa. 31:7 |
|
|
hw"hoy> |
LORD |
Deut. 23:1 |
Ps. 132:1 |
Isa. 31:5 |
|
~Ay |
day |
Deut. 22:7 |
Isa. 31:7 |
|
|
r[;y" |
woods, forest |
Ps. 132:6 |
Isa. 32:15 |
|
|
bv;y" |
sit, dwell, stay, remain |
Ps. 132:12 |
Isa. 32:16 |
|
|
laer'f.yI |
Israel |
Deut. 22:19 |
Isa. 31:6 |
|
|
@s,K, |
silver, money |
Deut. 22:19 |
Isa. 31:7 |
|
|
vb;l' |
wear |
Deut. 22:11 |
Ps. 132:9 |
|
|
~x,l, |
bread |
Deut. 23:4 |
Ps. 132:15 |
|
|
hx'Wnm. |
resting place |
Ps. 132:8 |
Isa. 32:18 |
|
|
ac'm' |
found, find |
Deut. 22:14 |
Ps. 132:5 |
|
|
!K'v.mi |
dwelling place, tabernacle |
Ps. 132:5 |
Isa. 32:18 |
|
|
lp;n" |
if anyone, fall |
Deut. 22:8 |
Isa. 31:8 |
|
|
!t;n" |
give, gave, given |
Deut. 22:16 |
Ps. 132:4 |
|
|
d[; |
forever |
Deut. 23:3 |
Isa. 32:14 |
|
|
~l'A[ |
forever, eternal |
Deut. 23:3 |
Isa. 32:14 |
|
|
ry[i |
city, town |
Deut. 22:15 |
Isa. 32:14 |
|
|
hn'[' |
humbled, afflictions |
Deut. 22:24 |
Ps. 132:1 |
|
|
hf'[' |
make, made, do, did, done |
Deut. 22:8 |
Isa. 31:7 |
|
|
~ynIP' |
before, face |
Deut. 22:6 |
Ps. 132:10 |
Isa. 31:8 |
|
!AYci |
Zion |
Ps. 132:13 |
Isa. 31:9 |
|
|
rAPci |
bird |
Deut. 22:6 |
Isa. 31:5 |
|
|
~Wq |
rises, arise |
Deut. 22:26 |
Ps. 132:8 |
|
|
hd,f' |
countryside, fields |
Deut. 22:25 |
Ps. 132:6 |
|
|
bWv |
turn, away, return |
Ps. 132:10 |
Isa. 31:6 |
|
|
~Alv' |
peace |
Deut. 23:6 |
Isa. 32:17 |
|
|
[m;v' |
listen, hear |
Deut. 23:5 |
Ps. 132:6 |
|
|
rm;v' |
keep, guard |
Deut. 23:9 |
Ps. 132:12 |
Greek:
|
GREEK |
ENGLISH |
Torah Reading Deut. 22:6 – 23:9 |
Psalms 132:1-18 |
Ashlamatah Is 31:5-9 + 32:14-18 |
Peshat Mishnah of Mark, 1-2 Peter, & Jude Mk 15:22-28 |
Tosefta of Luke Lk 23:33-34 |
|
ἀκούω |
hear |
Ps. 132:6 |
||||
|
ἄνομος |
lawless ones |
Isa 31:6 |
Mk. 15:28 |
|||
|
ἀφίημι |
leave |
Isa 32:14 |
Lk. 23:34 |
|||
|
δίδωμι |
give, gave, given |
Deut. 22:16 |
Ps. 132:4 |
Mk. 15:23 |
||
|
ἱμάτιον |
garment |
Deu 22:17 |
Mk. 15:24 |
Lk. 23:34 |
||
|
λαμβάνω |
take |
Deu 22:6 |
Mk. 15:23 |
|||
|
λέγω |
saying |
Deu 22:14 |
Isa 31:9 |
Mk. 15:28 |
Lk. 23:34 |
|
|
λογίζομαι |
considered |
Isa 32:15 |
Mk. 15:28 |
|||
|
πατήρ |
father |
Deu 22:15 |
Lk. 23:34 |
|||
|
ποιέω |
make, made, do, did, done |
Deut. 22:8 |
Isa. 31:7 |
Lk. 23:34 |
||
|
τόπος |
place |
Psa 132:5 |
Mk. 15:22 |
Lk. 23:33 |
||
|
τρίτος |
third |
Deu 23:8 |
Mk. 15:25 |
Nazarean Talmud
Sidra of “D’barim” (Deut.) 22:6 – 23:9
“Khi Yiqare Qan Tsipor” - ” If a bird’s nest”
By: H. Em Rabbi Dr. Eliyahu ben Abraham
|
School of Hakham Shaul’s Tosefta Luqas (LK) |
School of Hakham Tsefet’s Peshat Mordechai (Mk) |
|
And when they came to the place that is called “The Skull,” there they crucified him, and they placed criminals, the one on his right and the other on his left. But Yeshua said, “Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing.” And they cast lots to divide his clothes. |
And they (Pilate’s cohort) brought him (Yeshua) to the place Gilguleth (which is translated "Place of a Skull"). And they gave him (Yeshua) wine and myrrh, but he did not take it. And they crucified him and divided his garments among themselves, but they cast lots for his Tallit (Pilate’s cohort) for who should take it (not willing to tear/destroy the beautiful garment). Now it was the third hour[31] when they crucified him (Yeshua). And the inscription in the tablet of the charge (judgment) against him (Yeshua) was written, "The king of the Jews." And with him (Yeshua) they crucified two robbers, placing one on his (Yeshua’s) right and one on his left. So, the Scripture was fulfilled which says, "Therefore will I divide him a portion among the great, and he will divide the spoil with the mighty; because he bared his soul unto death, and was numbered with the transgressors; yet he bore the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors. (Isa 53:12)” |
Nazarean Codicil to be read in conjunction with the following Torah Seder
|
Deuteronomy 22:6 – 23.9 |
Psalms 132:1-18 |
Isaiah 31:5-9 + 32:14-18 |
Mark 15:22-28 |
Luke 23:33-34 |
Commentary to Hakham Tsefet’s School of Peshat
How does Hakham Tsefet tell us where we are at on the Biblical Calendar? We find it self-evident that we are in the month of Tebet approaching a season of difficulty for the Jewish people – i.e., the Exodus from Egypt.
What special traits does a Jewish Hakham have to possess in order to be treated in the way that Yeshua was treated by Pilate’s cohort?
The treatment of the Master before the Roman cohort is nothing new to the Jewish people. We have tasted every level of persecution and hatred known to humanity. As such, Yeshua’s suffering is a personification of the cost of being Jewish. The cost of tikun is unfathomable. Yet, everyone else is hoping and praying for the so called “Rapture.” Unfortunately, this is nothing more than escapism. Where was this “Rapture” when the Jewish people suffered the tyranny of the Egyptians? Where was it when we were persecuted and exiled by the Babylonians? And what “rapture” took place when we were exiled and persecuted, butchered and brought to near extinction by the Romans, not to mentions gas chambers, lions and being burned alive. The Master’s life is not atypical. It is quite the opposite. The Roman hoard never changed tactics. We are attuned to their special ways, taught not to trust them with any real commitment and or assurance that we will not meet the same fate as before.
Ruth 1:1 AND IT came to pass in the days when the judges judged that there was a famine in the land. And a certain man of Bethlehem in Judah went to sojourn in the field of Moab, he, and his wife, and his two sons. JPS
The story of Rut as told in the Tanakh could easily lend itself to deeper levels of hermeneutic. However, we will refrain from delving into those interpretations for the sake of Peshat. Yet, the story of Rut, like Deborah, Judith and Ya’el lends itself to inspirational acts of heroism for the sake of G-d, Torah and Yisrael. Rut’s commitment to Naomi is unprecedented. Unlike her “sister-in-law” Orpah whose name, derived from the root “oreph” means “the back of the neck,” thus implying a turning away. Orpah’s name is also associated with the “gazelle.” This would superficially associate Orpha with Ya’el, “the mountain goat.” The difference being that Ya’el is a heroine like Rut and Orpah, a gentile turns her back and flees like a gazelle. Therefore, the story of Rut suggests that she embraced Judaism and Orpah denied it and turned her back to Jewish life and people.
Consequently, Rut is the heroine of incomparable magnitude. Her acceptance of Judaism, Torah, and the halakhot of the Hakhamim has caused her to stand as the prototype for all converts. As a convert Rut, embraces the 613 mitzvoth (commandments). The story of Rut read during the Festival of Shavuot (Pentecost) is a reminder of the intricate part that the 613 mitzvoth (commandments) play in the lives of all those who embrace the covenant. Rut’s name is the equivalent of number 606. When added to the seven laws of Noah Rut embraces the 613 or the whole Torah.
The story of Rut deepens when we realize that she enriches David’s ancestry and by extension, is a progenitor of Messiah. Rut’s marriage to Boaz, a righteous Jewish judge is of further import to us. Herein we see the appropriate union between Jew and Gentile. The Gentile not only embraces the Torah, but also the Oral Torah. Boaz the Judge was skilled in the Torah and the Oral Torah. The story has one other detail we will mention. Naomi was a Jewess and the teacher of Rut. In this, Rut learned to love the Torah and the Oral Torah. What is of premier significance to us is the notion that Rut, as a Gentile convert accepts rabbinic authority. Therefore, we conclude that Rut, a Gentile convert becomes the prototypical model for all Gentile converts and their need for the acceptance of the Jewish judicial system.
This brings us to the Gentile question.
The Gentile Question
While we refer to the incorporation of the Gentile into the community of those who believe Yeshua to be Messiah as the “Gentile Question,” others refer to it as “the Gentile Predicament”[32] and “the Gentile Problem.” We have discussed this concept before. Therefore, we will not elaborate, at length on this subject except as it applies to our present pericope. Lloyd Gaston commenting on a point made by W. D. Davies seems to think that “the Gentile Predicament” was the greatest theological problem of the First century Jews.[33] While it may not have been the principal problem of the first century, it was certainly one of the more problematic. It divided the School of Shammai and Hillel. The Shammaite view seems to have prevailed until Hakham Tsefet,[34] via an extraordinary vision in which he sees that G-d wants to bring “salvation” to the Gentiles.
Jewish/Gentile relations in the first century were of a peculiar nature. Furthermore, they were problematic at best. The Roman administration made life extremely difficult for the Jewish people of Eretz Yisrael. Eretz Yisrael longed for autonomy as we have stated in the past. However, the B’ne Yisrael (children of Israel) had a profound effect on its Roman overlords. Many of the Roman Gentiles, impressed and affected by Jewish religious practice were inspired to conversion or near conversion. Herein lay a GREAT difficulty. Because Yisrael was subordinate to the Roman regime, Synagogue life with Roman attendees was strained to say the least. Furthermore, the situation brought about a role reversal of sorts. The supposed, “Subordinate Jew” now became the Master over the Roman. So long, as the Roman was in the Synagogue or in the process of conversion, he was subordinate to the Jewish authorities of the Synagogue, as pointed out above in the cited passages from Hakham Shaul’s letter to the Romans. This eventually led to very difficult problems. However, the Romans passage and our story of Rut teach us a powerful lesson. The lesson, in short is that all governments are supposed to be subordinate to Jewish Authorities. And all attendees of the Synagogue are subjected to the Bench of the Bet Din and its congregation. This is the situation addressed in the Romans passages above. Hakham Shaul, speaking to the Gentiles who have been attending Synagogue states that they are subordinate to Jewish authority. The Seven Noahide Laws teach the Gentiles to have courts of Justice.[35] However, these courts should mimic the Jewish legal system and remain subordinate to Jewish Authorities. Any system, which does not use the Torah as its basis for justice, while at the time being subordinate to Jewish Authority is unacceptable. We realize that these ideas may be foreign to some of our readers. However, this system is the construct for the Theocratic government, which will dominate during the Y’mot HaMashiach (Days of Mashiach). The key statement of Hakham Shaul is found in the following words…
Romans 13:4 …But if you do that which is unprofitable, be afraid; for he (the Chazan)[36] does not bear the circumcision knife in vain.
Herein everything is contextualized we can understand the meaning of these verses. The Jewish authorities hold in their power the ability to allow or prohibit circumcision, acceptance of Gentile conversion. We will see below just how important this really is. Interestingly enough, the Greek μάχαιραν holds the idea of contention. This is not always the case with the μάχαιραν, however in our present case the μάχαιραν is the judgment for or against Gentile conversion. The “Servant” who holds the “circumcision knife” is the final authority on ritual circumcision and conversion. The Mohel (circumciser) like the Chazan (cantor) embodies the aspirations and authority of the local congregation and the Bet Din (Jewish court of authority).
In returning, to our pericope and example of case law, the sentencing of the Master by Pilate is the antithesis of the G-d ordained system. This is because this Gentile court does not acknowledge G-d, Torah or Yisrael. One might opine that this court was in Eretz Yisrael. However, the Gentile court which fails to acknowledge G-d as the one and only true G-d will not embrace Torah or acknowledge the Jewish People proper custody of Eretz Yisrael. While this Gentile court played into the wishes of the Tz’dukim (Saducees), it was never subordinate to an authentic Jewish Bet Din (court of law). Furthermore, the great atrocity committed against the Master is that a Jew has carried another Jew to a Gentile court. As noted, before, not only was it a Gentile court, it was a Gentile court devoid of Torah standards.
As we will see, Rut affects a tikun (reparation) for the sin of her people by accepting the judgment of a Righteous Judge. Consequently, the Jewish people in Diaspora are not to assimilate into the national norms of foreign countries. This we have discussed in the past. The Priesthood of the Jewish people is obligated to teach the nations the appropriate way to live and walk. Only after we have accomplished this task can we find solace and peace in Eretz Yisrael.
Yeshua’s words, “Go into all nations and talmudize the gentiles” has experienced little success because of wrong doctrinal baggage attached to it.
Yeshua clearly taught that we are to live within these lands and abide by the rules of those lands so long as they do not interfere with the Halakhic norms established by the Sages.[37]
The King of the Jews
The grave sin of the Roman system noted above was that of injustice. The court of the Tz’dukim (Sadducees) was in grave error in sentencing Yeshua. The court of Pilate was in error in sentencing an innocent man based on the desires and pressures the High Priest of the Tz’dukim (Sadducees). While, the Roman governor was not technically subordinate to the Jewish Tz’dukim (Saducees), as we have discussed above, Pilate played right into the hands of the Jewish Tz’dukim’s (Sadducaic) desire for Yeshua’s death. And Pilate along with Herod conspired to have Yeshua crucified.
Not only did the gathering of Tz’dukim, prompted by the Priesthood of the Tz’dukim (Sadducees) ask for the life (freedom) of a murderer, Bar Abba, they asked for the death of an innocent man. Not only did they ask for the death of an innocent man, they asked for his crucifixion, “crucifixion being the most barbaric form of execution and utmost cruelty.”[38] Josephus tells us that the crucifixion is the most vicious death a man can experience.[39] Crucifixion, thought to have originated among the Persians was more humane that the previous system of impaling criminals on a stake, therein being suspended. Nonetheless, its use was for the sake of intimidation, humiliation, and a means of prolonging a torturous death. The crucifixion of individuals was never carried out on Roman citizens as a rule. However, when the crime warranted such punishment, it was carried out on citizens and slaves alike without hesitation. However, generally, it was usually reserved for lower class citizens of slaves. This may be because the Romans inherited this heinous system from the Germani or Britanni where these atrocities were committed against the Romans.[40] And, as is pointed out in the present pericope, crucifixion is the punishment of murderers, robbers, mischief-makers and deceivers.[41] Therefore, Yeshua’s trial by a Roman court, which prosecuted him as a criminal who was found guilty and sentenced to death.[42] His death on the cross was the most humiliating death possible for a Jew.
Note how “just” the Roman system was…
Mark 15:24 And they crucified him and divided his garments among themselves, but they cast lots[43] for his Tallit (Pilate’s cohort) for who should take it (not willing to tear/destroy the beautiful garment).
This so called “court” condemns an innocent man to die and then “robs” him of his clothing and Tallit. Then, he is hung between two robbers, one on the left and one on the right as if he himself were a robber. Our contention is there is not even a modicum of justice in the entire travesty, called “a trial.”
Conclusion
Why did I start with the story of Rut? This time of the year, we are reminded of varied heroines, Judith, Deborah and Ya’el only to mention a few. While Rut read at Shavuot (Pentecost) in the month of Sivan, taking into account the bimodal aspect of the Torah, we would presently be reading passages associated with the month of Sivan had we started in the month of Nisan. The Sages of blessed memory have taught us that Rut was a Moabite Princess. Rut’s acts of generosity towards Naomi caused her to leave behind her Moabite heritage and embrace the religion of her deceased husband. However, the greater act of chesed (loving-kindness) was to demonstrate her altruistic love in helping Naomi return to her people. This act of selfless chesed (loving-kindness) is an unprecedented act of generosity. Why? Because the Moabite people initially sought the destruction of the B’ne Yisrael as they traveled towards the Promised Land. As I stated above, Rut’s acceptance of Judaism has caused her to stand as the prototype for all converts. Likewise, the act of generosity she demonstrates to Naomi should be seen as the appropriate response of the Gentile towards the Jewish People and Jewish authority. It was a Jewish Bet Din (court of Justice) that accepted Rut as a convert. This situation caused the Rabbis and Judges to exegete a truth that Moabite women could convert to Judaism.
Lloyd Gaston finds “the Gentile Predicament”[44] of the end times as, summed by the Rabbis terminated in one of two ways. Either the Gentiles will be destroyed, or they will find salvation by being incorporated into Judaism.[45] Consequently, we see the path of “salvation” for the gentile is to embrace Jewish authority. And therefore, all courts will be subordinate to Jewish Authority!
אמן ואמן סלה
Questions for Understanding and Reflection
- From all the readings for this week, which verse, or verses touched your heart and fired your imagination?
- In your opinion what is the prophetic statement for this week?
Blessing After Torah Study
Barúch Atáh Adonai, Elohénu Meléch HaOlám,
Ashér Natán Lánu Torát Emét, V'Chayéi Olám Natá B'Tochénu.
Barúch Atáh Adonái, Notén HaToráh. Amen!
Blessed is Ha-Shem our God, King of the universe,
Who has given us a teaching of truth, implanting within us eternal life.
Blessed is Ha-Shem, Giver of the Torah. Amen!
“Now unto Him who is able to preserve you faultless, and spotless, and to establish you without a blemish,
before His majesty, with joy, [namely,] the only one God, our Deliverer, by means of Yeshua the Messiah our Master, be praise, and dominion, and honor, and majesty, both now and in all ages. Amen!”
Next Sabbath:
“Shabbat “Khi Tetse Machaneh” - ” When you go out as an Army”
|
Shabbat |
Torah Reading: |
Weekday Torah Reading: |
|
כִּי-תֵצֵא מַחֲנֶה |
|
Saturday Afternoon |
|
“Khi Tetse Machaneh” |
Reader 1 – D’barim 23:10-12 |
Reader 1 – D’barim 24:19-22 |
|
“When you go out as an army” |
Reader 2 – D’barim 23:13-15 |
Reader 2- D’barim 25:1-4 |
|
“Cuando salgas como ejército” |
Reader 3 – D’barim 23:16-19 |
Reader 3- D’barim 25:5-10 |
|
D’barim (Deuteronomy) 23:10 – 24:18 BaMidbar (Numbers) 28:9-15 |
Reader 4 – D’barim 23:20-26 |
|
|
Psalm 133:1 - 135:21 |
Reader 5 – D’barim 24:1-4 |
Monday & Thursday Mornings |
|
Ashlamatah: Isaiah 1:16-26 |
Reader 6 – D’barim 24:5-9 |
Reader 1 – D’barim 24:19-22 |
|
Special: I Samuel 20:18 & 42 |
Reader 7 – D’barim 24:10-18 |
Reader 2- D’barim 25:1-4 |
|
N.C.: Mark 15:29-32; Luke 23:35-43 |
Maftir – BaMidbar 28:9-15 I Samuel 20:18 & 42 |
Reader 3- D’barim 25:5-10 |
Upcoming Fast:
TZOM Tammuz
(Fast of the 17th of Tammuz)
The fast of the seventeenth of Tammuz, 2022,
will be observed from dawn to dusk on July 17, 2022 (Sunday)
https://www.betemunah.org/tamuz17.html
https://www.betemunah.org/mourning.html
Hakham Dr. Yosef ben Haggai
Rabbi Dr. Hillel ben David
Rabbi Dr. Eliyahu ben Abraham
Edited by Adon Ovadyah ben Abraham and Adon Aviner ben Abraham
Please e-mail any comments to chozenppl@gmail.com